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Corals record long-term Leeuwin current variability including Ningaloo Niño/Niña since 1795

Author

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  • J. Zinke

    (UWA Oceans Institute, 39 Fairway
    UWA School of Earth and Environment, 35 Stirling Highway
    Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3)

  • A. Rountrey

    (UWA Oceans Institute, 39 Fairway)

  • M. Feng

    (CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research)

  • S.-P. Xie

    (Scripps Oceanography Institution, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive 0206)

  • D. Dissard

    (UWA School of Earth and Environment, 35 Stirling Highway
    ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies
    IRD-Sorbonne Universités (UPMC, Univ Paris 06)-CNRS-MNHN, LOCEAN Laboratory, IRD France-Nord, 32, avenue Henri Varagnat)

  • K. Rankenburg

    (UWA School of Earth and Environment, 35 Stirling Highway
    ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies)

  • J.M. Lough

    (Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3
    ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies)

  • M.T. McCulloch

    (UWA Oceans Institute, 39 Fairway
    UWA School of Earth and Environment, 35 Stirling Highway
    ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies)

Abstract

Variability of the Leeuwin current (LC) off Western Australia is a footprint of interannual and decadal climate variations in the tropical Indo-Pacific. La Niña events often result in a strengthened LC, high coastal sea levels and unusually warm sea surface temperatures (SSTs), termed Ningaloo Niño. The rarity of such extreme events and the response of the southeastern Indian Ocean to regional and remote climate forcing are poorly understood owing to the lack of long-term records. Here we use well-replicated coral SST records from within the path of the LC, together with a reconstruction of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation to hindcast historical SST and LC strength from 1795 to 2010. We show that interannual and decadal variations in SST and LC strength characterized the past 215 years and that the most extreme sea level and SST anomalies occurred post 1980. These recent events were unprecedented in severity and are likely aided by accelerated global ocean warming and sea-level rise.

Suggested Citation

  • J. Zinke & A. Rountrey & M. Feng & S.-P. Xie & D. Dissard & K. Rankenburg & J.M. Lough & M.T. McCulloch, 2014. "Corals record long-term Leeuwin current variability including Ningaloo Niño/Niña since 1795," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 5(1), pages 1-9, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:5:y:2014:i:1:d:10.1038_ncomms4607
    DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4607
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    1. Yuewen Ding & Pengfei Lin & Hailong Liu & Bo Wu & Yuanlong Li & Lin Chen & Lei Zhang & Aixue Hu & Yiming Wang & Yiyun Yao & Bowen Zhao & Wenrong Bai & Weiqing Han, 2024. "Emergence of decadal linkage between Western Australian coast and Western–central tropical Pacific," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-10, December.

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