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Silver single atoms and nanoparticles on floatable monolithic photocatalysts for synergistic solar water disinfection

Author

Listed:
  • Jian Wang

    (Beijing Normal University)

  • Jiahe Zhang

    (New Jersey Institute of Technology)

  • Yang Li

    (Beijing Normal University)

  • Xinghui Xia

    (Beijing Normal University)

  • Hengjing Yang

    (Beijing Normal University)

  • Jae-Hong Kim

    (Yale University
    Seongbuk-gu)

  • Wen Zhang

    (New Jersey Institute of Technology)

Abstract

Photocatalytic water disinfection technology is highly promising in off-grid areas due to abundant year-round solar irradiance. However, the practical use of powdered photocatalysts is impeded by limited recovery and inefficient inactivation of stress-resistant bacteria in oligotrophic surface water. Here we prepare a floatable monolithic photocatalyst with ZIF-8-NH2 loaded Ag single atoms and nanoparticles (AgSA+NP/ZIF). Atomically dispersed Ag sites form an Ag−N charge bridge, extending the lifetime of charge carriers and thereby promoting reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The photothermal effect of the plasmonic Ag nanoparticles reduces the bacterial resistance to ROS and impairs DNA repair capabilities. Under sunlight irradiation, the synergistic effect of Ag single atoms and nanoparticles enables 4.0 cm2 AgSA+NP/ZIF to achieve over 6.0 log inactivation (99.9999%) for the stress-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) in oligotrophic surface water within 30 min. Furthermore, 36 cm2 AgSA+NP/ZIF is capable of disinfecting at least 10.0 L of surface water, which meets the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended daily per capita drinking water allocation (8.0 L). This study presents a decentralized and sustainable approach for water disinfection in off-grid areas.

Suggested Citation

  • Jian Wang & Jiahe Zhang & Yang Li & Xinghui Xia & Hengjing Yang & Jae-Hong Kim & Wen Zhang, 2025. "Silver single atoms and nanoparticles on floatable monolithic photocatalysts for synergistic solar water disinfection," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-12, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:16:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-025-56339-2
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-56339-2
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Zeyu Zhu & Defne Surujon & Juan C. Ortiz-Marquez & Wenwen Huo & Ralph R. Isberg & José Bento & Tim van Opijnen, 2020. "Entropy of a bacterial stress response is a generalizable predictor for fitness and antibiotic sensitivity," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 11(1), pages 1-15, December.
    2. Ping Li & Jiazhen Li & Xiao Feng & Jie Li & Yuchen Hao & Jinwei Zhang & Hang Wang & Anxiang Yin & Junwen Zhou & Xiaojie Ma & Bo Wang, 2019. "Metal-organic frameworks with photocatalytic bactericidal activity for integrated air cleaning," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 10(1), pages 1-10, December.
    3. Hehe Wei & Kai Huang & Da Wang & Ruoyu Zhang & Binghui Ge & Jingyuan Ma & Bo Wen & Shuai Zhang & Qunyang Li & Ming Lei & Cheng Zhang & Joshua Irawan & Li-Min Liu & Hui Wu, 2017. "Iced photochemical reduction to synthesize atomically dispersed metals by suppressing nanocrystal growth," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 8(1), pages 1-8, December.
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