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Time to HIV viral rebound and frequency of post-treatment control after analytical interruption of antiretroviral therapy: an individual data-based meta-analysis of 24 prospective studies

Author

Listed:
  • Jesper D. Gunst

    (Aarhus University Hospital
    Aarhus University)

  • Jesal Gohil

    (Imperial College NIHR BRC)

  • Johanthan Z. Li

    (Harvard Medical School)

  • Ronald J. Bosch

    (Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health)

  • Andrea White, Catherine Seamon

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Tae-Wook Chun

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Beatriz Mothe

    (IrsiCaixa Immunopathology Research Institute
    Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol
    Instituto de Salud Carlos III
    University of Vic – Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC))

  • Kathleen Gittens

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Lauren Praiss

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Marie-Angélique Scheerder

    (Ghent University Hospital)

  • Linos Vandekerckhove

    (Ghent University)

  • Kevin Escandón

    (University of Minnesota
    University of Minnesota)

  • Ann Thorkelson

    (University of Minnesota)

  • Timothy Schacker

    (University of Minnesota
    University of Minnesota)

  • Devi SenGupta

    (Inc)

  • Christian Brander

    (IrsiCaixa Immunopathology Research Institute
    Instituto de Salud Carlos III
    University of Vic – Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC)
    AELIX Therapeutics)

  • Emmanouil Papasavvas

    (The Wistar Institute)

  • Luis J. Montaner

    (The Wistar Institute)

  • Javier Martinez-Picado

    (IrsiCaixa Immunopathology Research Institute
    Instituto de Salud Carlos III
    University of Vic – Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC)
    Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA))

  • Ruxandra Calin

    (Tenon Hospital, Sorbonne University, AP-HP)

  • Antonella Castagna

    (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute
    Vita-Salute San Raffaele University)

  • Camilla Muccini

    (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute)

  • Wesley de Jong

    (Erasmus MC)

  • Lorna Leal

    (Hospital Clínic Barcelona
    Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)
    Universitat de Barcelona)

  • Felipe Garcia

    (Hospital Clínic Barcelona
    Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)
    Universitat de Barcelona)

  • Rob A. Gruters

    (Erasmus MC)

  • Timothy Tipoe

    (University of Oxford, UK and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre)

  • John Frater

    (University of Oxford, UK and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre)

  • Ole S. Søgaard

    (Aarhus University Hospital
    Aarhus University)

  • Sarah Fidler

    (Imperial College NIHR BRC)

Abstract

The only current strategy to test efficacy of novel interventions for sustained HIV control without antiretroviral therapy (ART) among people with HIV (PWH) is through an analytical treatment interruption (ATI). Inclusion of ‘placebo’ controls in ATIs poses ethical, logistical, and economic challenges. To understand viral dynamics and rates of post-treatment control (PTC) after ATI among PWH receiving either placebo or no intervention, we undertook an individual-participant data meta-analysis. In total, 24 eligible prospective studies with 382 individuals with ≥5 plasma HIV RNA viral loads (pVLs) within the first 84 days post-ATI were included. Early-ART was defined as ART initiation within 6 months of HIV acquisition; others were classified as late-ART or unknown. Median age was 42 years, 91% male, 75% white, 45% received early-ART. Median time to pVL >50, >400, and >10,000 copies/mL was 16 days (interquartile range [IQR]:13–25), 21 (IQR:15–28), and 32 (IQR:20–35), respectively. PTC defined as pVL

Suggested Citation

  • Jesper D. Gunst & Jesal Gohil & Johanthan Z. Li & Ronald J. Bosch & Andrea White, Catherine Seamon & Tae-Wook Chun & Beatriz Mothe & Kathleen Gittens & Lauren Praiss & Marie-Angélique Scheerder & Lino, 2025. "Time to HIV viral rebound and frequency of post-treatment control after analytical interruption of antiretroviral therapy: an individual data-based meta-analysis of 24 prospective studies," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-13, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:16:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-025-56116-1
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-56116-1
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Michael C. Sneller & Jana Blazkova & J. Shawn Justement & Victoria Shi & Brooke D. Kennedy & Kathleen Gittens & Jekaterina Tolstenko & Genevieve McCormack & Emily J. Whitehead & Rachel F. Schneck & Mi, 2022. "Combination anti-HIV antibodies provide sustained virological suppression," Nature, Nature, vol. 606(7913), pages 375-381, June.
    2. Jacob Hurst & Matthias Hoffmann & Matthew Pace & James P. Williams & John Thornhill & Elizabeth Hamlyn & Jodi Meyerowitz & Chris Willberg & Kersten K. Koelsch & Nicola Robinson & Helen Brown & Martin , 2015. "Immunological biomarkers predict HIV-1 viral rebound after treatment interruption," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 6(1), pages 1-9, December.
    3. Thumbi Ndung’u & Joseph M. McCune & Steven G. Deeks, 2019. "Why and where an HIV cure is needed and how it might be achieved," Nature, Nature, vol. 576(7787), pages 397-405, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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