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Early biological markers of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection

Author

Listed:
  • Scott Lu

    (San Francisco (UCSF)
    UCSF)

  • Michael J. Peluso

    (UCSF)

  • David V. Glidden

    (UCSF)

  • Michelle C. Davidson

    (UCSF)

  • Kara Lugtu

    (San Francisco (UCSF))

  • Jesus Pineda-Ramirez

    (San Francisco (UCSF))

  • Michel Tassetto

    (UCSF)

  • Miguel Garcia-Knight

    (UCSF
    Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico)

  • Amethyst Zhang

    (UCSF)

  • Sarah A. Goldberg

    (UCSF)

  • Jessica Y. Chen

    (UCSF)

  • Maya Fortes-Cobby

    (San Francisco (UCSF))

  • Sara Park

    (San Francisco (UCSF))

  • Ana Martinez

    (San Francisco (UCSF))

  • Matthew So

    (San Francisco (UCSF))

  • Aidan Donovan

    (UCSF)

  • Badri Viswanathan

    (UCSF)

  • Rebecca Hoh

    (UCSF)

  • Kevin Donohue

    (UCSF)

  • David R. McIlwain

    (Department of Microbiology and Immunology)

  • Brice Gaudiliere

    (Department of Microbiology and Immunology)

  • Khamal Anglin

    (San Francisco (UCSF))

  • Brandon C. Yee

    (South San Francisco)

  • Ahmed Chenna

    (South San Francisco)

  • John W. Winslow

    (South San Francisco)

  • Christos J. Petropoulos

    (South San Francisco)

  • Steven G. Deeks

    (UCSF)

  • Melissa Briggs-Hagen

    (CDC)

  • Raul Andino

    (UCSF)

  • Claire M. Midgley

    (CDC)

  • Jeffrey N. Martin

    (UCSF)

  • Sharon Saydah

    (CDC)

  • J. Daniel Kelly

    (San Francisco (UCSF)
    UCSF
    UCSF
    UCSF)

Abstract

To understand the roles of acute-phase viral dynamics and host immune responses in post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), we enrolled 136 participants within 5 days of their first positive SARS-CoV-2 real-time PCR test. Participants self-collected up to 21 nasal specimens within the first 28 days post-symptom onset; interviewer-administered questionnaires and blood samples were collected at enrollment, days 9, 14, 21, 28, and month 4 and 8 post-symptom onset. Defining PASC as the presence of any COVID-associated symptom at their 4-month visit, we compared viral markers (quantity and duration of nasal viral RNA load, infectious viral load, and plasma N-antigen level) and host immune markers (IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-α, IFN-γ, MCP, IP-10, and Spike IgG) over the acute period. Compared to those who fully recovered, those reporting PASC demonstrated significantly higher maximum levels of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and N-antigen, burden of RNA and infectious viral shedding, and lower Spike-specific IgG levels within 9 days post-illness onset. No significant differences were identified among a panel of host immune markers. Our results suggest early viral dynamics and the associated host immune responses play a role in the pathogenesis of PASC, highlighting the importance of understanding early biological markers in the natural history of PASC.

Suggested Citation

  • Scott Lu & Michael J. Peluso & David V. Glidden & Michelle C. Davidson & Kara Lugtu & Jesus Pineda-Ramirez & Michel Tassetto & Miguel Garcia-Knight & Amethyst Zhang & Sarah A. Goldberg & Jessica Y. Ch, 2024. "Early biological markers of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-9, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:15:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-024-51893-7
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51893-7
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sydney R. Stein & Sabrina C. Ramelli & Alison Grazioli & Joon-Yong Chung & Manmeet Singh & Claude Kwe Yinda & Clayton W. Winkler & Junfeng Sun & James M. Dickey & Kris Ylaya & Sung Hee Ko & Andrew P. , 2022. "SARS-CoV-2 infection and persistence in the human body and brain at autopsy," Nature, Nature, vol. 612(7941), pages 758-763, December.
    2. Al Ozonoff & Naresh Doni Jayavelu & Shanshan Liu & Esther Melamed & Carly E. Milliren & Jingjing Qi & Linda N. Geng & Grace A. McComsey & Charles B. Cairns & Lindsey R. Baden & Joanna Schaenman & Albe, 2024. "Features of acute COVID-19 associated with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 phenotypes: results from the IMPACC study," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-17, December.
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