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Evolution of Phytophthora infestans on its potato host since the Irish potato famine

Author

Listed:
  • Allison Coomber

    (NC State University
    NC State University)

  • Amanda Saville

    (NC State University)

  • Jean Beagle Ristaino

    (NC State University
    NC State University)

Abstract

Phytophthora infestans is a major oomycete plant pathogen, responsible for potato late blight, which led to the Irish Potato Famine from 1845–1852. Since then, potatoes resistant to this disease have been bred and deployed worldwide. Their resistance (R) genes recognize pathogen effectors responsible for virulence and then induce a plant response stopping disease progression. However, most deployed R genes are quickly overcome by the pathogen. We use targeted sequencing of effector and R genes on herbarium specimens to examine the joint evolution in both P. infestans and potato from 1845–1954. Currently relevant effectors are historically present in P. infestans, but with alternative alleles compared to modern reference genomes. The historic FAM-1 lineage has the virulent Avr1 allele and the ability to break the R1 resistance gene before breeders deployed it in potato. The FAM-1 lineage is diploid, but later, triploid US-1 lineages appear. We show that pathogen virulence genes and host resistance genes have undergone significant changes since the Famine, from both natural and artificial selection.

Suggested Citation

  • Allison Coomber & Amanda Saville & Jean Beagle Ristaino, 2024. "Evolution of Phytophthora infestans on its potato host since the Irish potato famine," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-12, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:15:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-024-50749-4
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50749-4
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Brian J. Haas & Sophien Kamoun & Michael C. Zody & Rays H. Y. Jiang & Robert E. Handsaker & Liliana M. Cano & Manfred Grabherr & Chinnappa D. Kodira & Sylvain Raffaele & Trudy Torto-Alalibo & Tolga O., 2009. "Genome sequence and analysis of the Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans," Nature, Nature, vol. 461(7262), pages 393-398, September.
    2. Jean B. Ristaino & Carol T. Groves & Gregory R. Parra, 2001. "PCR amplification of the Irish potato famine pathogen from historic specimens," Nature, Nature, vol. 411(6838), pages 695-697, June.
    3. Michael D. Martin & Enrico Cappellini & Jose A. Samaniego & M. Lisandra Zepeda & Paula F. Campos & Andaine Seguin-Orlando & Nathan Wales & Ludovic Orlando & Simon Y. W. Ho & Fred S. Dietrich & Piotr A, 2013. "Reconstructing genome evolution in historic samples of the Irish potato famine pathogen," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 4(1), pages 1-7, October.
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