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Human cytomegalovirus in breast milk is associated with milk composition and the infant gut microbiome and growth

Author

Listed:
  • Kelsey E. Johnson

    (University of Minnesota)

  • Nelmary Hernandez-Alvarado

    (University of Minnesota Medical School)

  • Mark Blackstad

    (University of Minnesota Medical School)

  • Timothy Heisel

    (University of Minnesota Medical School)

  • Mattea Allert

    (University of Minnesota)

  • David A. Fields

    (University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center)

  • Elvira Isganaitis

    (Harvard Medical School)

  • Katherine M. Jacobs

    (University of Minnesota Medical School)

  • Dan Knights

    (University of Minnesota
    University of Minnesota)

  • Eric F. Lock

    (University of Minnesota School of Public Health)

  • Michael C. Rudolph

    (Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center)

  • Cheryl A. Gale

    (University of Minnesota Medical School)

  • Mark R. Schleiss

    (University of Minnesota Medical School)

  • Frank W. Albert

    (University of Minnesota)

  • Ellen W. Demerath

    (University of Minnesota School of Public Health)

  • Ran Blekhman

    (University of Chicago)

Abstract

Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a highly prevalent herpesvirus that is often transmitted to the neonate via breast milk. Postnatal CMV transmission can have negative health consequences for preterm and immunocompromised infants, but any effects on healthy term infants are thought to be benign. Furthermore, the impact of CMV on the composition of the hundreds of bioactive factors in human milk has not been tested. Here, we utilize a cohort of exclusively breastfeeding full-term mother-infant pairs to test for differences in the milk transcriptome and metabolome associated with CMV, and the impact of CMV in breast milk on the infant gut microbiome and infant growth. We find upregulation of the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) tryptophan-to-kynurenine metabolic pathway in CMV+ milk samples, and that CMV+ milk is associated with decreased Bifidobacterium in the infant gut. Our data indicate two opposing CMV-associated effects on infant growth; with kynurenine positively correlated, and CMV viral load negatively correlated, with infant weight-for-length at 1 month of age. These results suggest CMV transmission, CMV-related changes in milk composition, or both may be modulators of full-term infant development.

Suggested Citation

  • Kelsey E. Johnson & Nelmary Hernandez-Alvarado & Mark Blackstad & Timothy Heisel & Mattea Allert & David A. Fields & Elvira Isganaitis & Katherine M. Jacobs & Dan Knights & Eric F. Lock & Michael C. R, 2024. "Human cytomegalovirus in breast milk is associated with milk composition and the infant gut microbiome and growth," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-15, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:15:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-024-50282-4
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50282-4
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