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Identifying critical features of iron phosphate particle for lithium preference

Author

Listed:
  • Gangbin Yan

    (University of Chicago)

  • Jialiang Wei

    (Illinois Institute of Technology)

  • Emory Apodaca

    (University of Chicago)

  • Suin Choi

    (University of Chicago)

  • Peter J. Eng

    (University of Chicago
    University of Chicago)

  • Joanne E. Stubbs

    (University of Chicago)

  • Yu Han

    (University of Chicago)

  • Siqi Zou

    (University of Chicago)

  • Mrinal K. Bera

    (University of Chicago)

  • Ronghui Wu

    (University of Chicago)

  • Evguenia Karapetrova

    (Argonne National Laboratory)

  • Hua Zhou

    (Argonne National Laboratory)

  • Wei Chen

    (Illinois Institute of Technology
    University at Buffalo, The State University of New York)

  • Chong Liu

    (University of Chicago)

Abstract

One-dimensional (1D) olivine iron phosphate (FePO4) is widely proposed for electrochemical lithium (Li) extraction from dilute water sources, however, significant variations in Li selectivity were observed for particles with different physical attributes. Understanding how particle features influence Li and sodium (Na) co-intercalation is crucial for system design and enhancing Li selectivity. Here, we investigate a series of FePO4 particles with various features and revealed the importance of harnessing kinetic and chemo-mechanical barrier difference between lithiation and sodiation to promote selectivity. The thermodynamic preference of FePO4 provides baseline of selectivity while the particle features are critical to induce different kinetic pathways and barriers, resulting in different Li to Na selectivity from 6.2 × 102 to 2.3 × 104. Importantly, we categorize the FePO4 particles into two groups based on their distinctly paired phase evolutions upon lithiation and sodiation, and generate quantitative correlation maps among Li preference, morphological features, and electrochemical properties. By selecting FePO4 particles with specific features, we demonstrate fast (636 mA/g) Li extraction from a high Li source (1: 100 Li to Na) with (96.6 ± 0.2)% purity, and high selectivity (2.3 × 104) from a low Li source (1: 1000 Li to Na) with (95.8 ± 0.3)% purity in a single step.

Suggested Citation

  • Gangbin Yan & Jialiang Wei & Emory Apodaca & Suin Choi & Peter J. Eng & Joanne E. Stubbs & Yu Han & Siqi Zou & Mrinal K. Bera & Ronghui Wu & Evguenia Karapetrova & Hua Zhou & Wei Chen & Chong Liu, 2024. "Identifying critical features of iron phosphate particle for lithium preference," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-13, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:15:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-024-49191-3
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49191-3
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Michael Hess & Tsuyoshi Sasaki & Claire Villevieille & Petr Novák, 2015. "Combined operando X-ray diffraction–electrochemical impedance spectroscopy detecting solid solution reactions of LiFePO4 in batteries," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 6(1), pages 1-9, November.
    2. Peng Bai & Martin Z. Bazant, 2014. "Charge transfer kinetics at the solid–solid interface in porous electrodes," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 5(1), pages 1-7, May.
    3. Gangbin Yan & George Kim & Renliang Yuan & Eli Hoenig & Fengyuan Shi & Wenxiang Chen & Yu Han & Qian Chen & Jian-Min Zuo & Wei Chen & Chong Liu, 2022. "The role of solid solutions in iron phosphate-based electrodes for selective electrochemical lithium extraction," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-11, December.
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