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Energy-efficient superparamagnetic Ising machine and its application to traveling salesman problems

Author

Listed:
  • Jia Si

    (National University of Singapore
    Peking University)

  • Shuhan Yang

    (National University of Singapore)

  • Yunuo Cen

    (National University of Singapore)

  • Jiaer Chen

    (National University of Singapore)

  • Yingna Huang

    (National University of Singapore)

  • Zhaoyang Yao

    (National University of Singapore)

  • Dong-Jun Kim

    (National University of Singapore)

  • Kaiming Cai

    (National University of Singapore)

  • Jerald Yoo

    (National University of Singapore)

  • Xuanyao Fong

    (National University of Singapore)

  • Hyunsoo Yang

    (National University of Singapore)

Abstract

The growth of artificial intelligence leads to a computational burden in solving non-deterministic polynomial-time (NP)-hard problems. The Ising computer, which aims to solve NP-hard problems faces challenges such as high power consumption and limited scalability. Here, we experimentally present an Ising annealing computer based on 80 superparamagnetic tunnel junctions (SMTJs) with all-to-all connections, which solves a 70-city traveling salesman problem (TSP, 4761-node Ising problem). By taking advantage of the intrinsic randomness of SMTJs, implementing global annealing scheme, and using efficient algorithm, our SMTJ-based Ising annealer outperforms other Ising schemes in terms of power consumption and energy efficiency. Additionally, our approach provides a promising way to solve complex problems with limited hardware resources. Moreover, we propose a cross-bar array architecture for scalable integration using conventional magnetic random-access memories. Our results demonstrate that the SMTJ-based Ising computer with high energy efficiency, speed, and scalability is a strong candidate for future unconventional computing schemes.

Suggested Citation

  • Jia Si & Shuhan Yang & Yunuo Cen & Jiaer Chen & Yingna Huang & Zhaoyang Yao & Dong-Jun Kim & Kaiming Cai & Jerald Yoo & Xuanyao Fong & Hyunsoo Yang, 2024. "Energy-efficient superparamagnetic Ising machine and its application to traveling salesman problems," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-12, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:15:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-024-47818-z
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47818-z
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. M. W. Johnson & M. H. S. Amin & S. Gildert & T. Lanting & F. Hamze & N. Dickson & R. Harris & A. J. Berkley & J. Johansson & P. Bunyk & E. M. Chapple & C. Enderud & J. P. Hilton & K. Karimi & E. Ladiz, 2011. "Quantum annealing with manufactured spins," Nature, Nature, vol. 473(7346), pages 194-198, May.
    2. William A. Borders & Ahmed Z. Pervaiz & Shunsuke Fukami & Kerem Y. Camsari & Hideo Ohno & Supriyo Datta, 2019. "Integer factorization using stochastic magnetic tunnel junctions," Nature, Nature, vol. 573(7774), pages 390-393, September.
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