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Resolving the topology of encircling multiple exceptional points

Author

Listed:
  • Chitres Guria

    (Yale University)

  • Qi Zhong

    (Michigan Technological University
    The Pennsylvania State University)

  • Sahin Kaya Ozdemir

    (The Pennsylvania State University)

  • Yogesh S. S. Patil

    (Yale University)

  • Ramy El-Ganainy

    (Michigan Technological University
    Michigan Technological University)

  • Jack Gwynne Emmet Harris

    (Yale University
    Yale University
    Yale University)

Abstract

Non-Hermiticity has emerged as a new paradigm for controlling coupled-mode systems in ways that cannot be achieved with conventional techniques. One aspect of this control that has received considerable attention recently is the encircling of exceptional points (EPs). To date, most work has focused on systems consisting of two modes that are tuned by two control parameters and have isolated EPs. While these systems exhibit exotic features related to EP encircling, it has been shown that richer behavior occurs in systems with more than two modes. Such systems can be tuned by more than two control parameters, and contain EPs that form a knot-like structure. Control loops that encircle this structure cause the system’s eigenvalues to trace out non-commutative braids. Here we consider a hybrid scenario: a three-mode system with just two control parameters. We describe the relationship between control loops and their topology in the full and two-dimensional parameter space. We demonstrate this relationship experimentally using a three-mode mechanical system in which the control parameters are provided by optomechanical interaction with a high-finesse optical cavity.

Suggested Citation

  • Chitres Guria & Qi Zhong & Sahin Kaya Ozdemir & Yogesh S. S. Patil & Ramy El-Ganainy & Jack Gwynne Emmet Harris, 2024. "Resolving the topology of encircling multiple exceptional points," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-10, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:15:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-024-45530-6
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45530-6
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Qi Zhong & Mercedeh Khajavikhan & Demetrios N. Christodoulides & Ramy El-Ganainy, 2018. "Winding around non-Hermitian singularities," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 9(1), pages 1-9, December.
    2. Kaiwen Ji & Qi Zhong & Li Ge & Gregoire Beaudoin & Isabelle Sagnes & Fabrice Raineri & Ramy El-Ganainy & Alejandro M. Yacomotti, 2023. "Tracking exceptional points above the lasing threshold," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-9, December.
    3. Jörg Doppler & Alexei A. Mailybaev & Julian Böhm & Ulrich Kuhl & Adrian Girschik & Florian Libisch & Thomas J. Milburn & Peter Rabl & Nimrod Moiseyev & Stefan Rotter, 2016. "Dynamically encircling an exceptional point for asymmetric mode switching," Nature, Nature, vol. 537(7618), pages 76-79, September.
    4. Kai Wang & Avik Dutt & Charles C. Wojcik & Shanhui Fan, 2021. "Topological complex-energy braiding of non-Hermitian bands," Nature, Nature, vol. 598(7879), pages 59-64, October.
    5. H. Xu & D. Mason & Luyao Jiang & J. G. E. Harris, 2016. "Topological energy transfer in an optomechanical system with exceptional points," Nature, Nature, vol. 537(7618), pages 80-83, September.
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