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Impact of dietary interventions on pre-diabetic oral and gut microbiome, metabolites and cytokines

Author

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  • Saar Shoer

    (The Weizmann Institute of Science
    The Weizmann Institute of Science)

  • Smadar Shilo

    (The Weizmann Institute of Science
    The Weizmann Institute of Science
    National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children’s Medical Center)

  • Anastasia Godneva

    (The Weizmann Institute of Science
    The Weizmann Institute of Science)

  • Orly Ben-Yacov

    (The Weizmann Institute of Science
    The Weizmann Institute of Science)

  • Michal Rein

    (The Weizmann Institute of Science
    The Weizmann Institute of Science)

  • Bat Chen Wolf

    (The Weizmann Institute of Science
    The Weizmann Institute of Science)

  • Maya Lotan-Pompan

    (The Weizmann Institute of Science
    The Weizmann Institute of Science)

  • Noam Bar

    (The Weizmann Institute of Science
    The Weizmann Institute of Science)

  • Ervin I. Weiss

    (Tel Aviv University
    The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine)

  • Yael Houri-Haddad

    (The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine)

  • Yitzhak Pilpel

    (The Weizmann Institute of Science)

  • Adina Weinberger

    (The Weizmann Institute of Science
    The Weizmann Institute of Science)

  • Eran Segal

    (The Weizmann Institute of Science
    The Weizmann Institute of Science)

Abstract

Diabetes and associated comorbidities are a global health threat on the rise. We conducted a six-month dietary intervention in pre-diabetic individuals (NCT03222791), to mitigate the hyperglycemia and enhance metabolic health. The current work explores early diabetes markers in the 200 individuals who completed the trial. We find 166 of 2,803 measured features, including oral and gut microbial species and pathways, serum metabolites and cytokines, show significant change in response to a personalized postprandial glucose-targeting diet or the standard of care Mediterranean diet. These changes include established markers of hyperglycemia as well as novel features that can now be investigated as potential therapeutic targets. Our results indicate the microbiome mediates the effect of diet on glycemic, metabolic and immune measurements, with gut microbiome compositional change explaining 12.25% of serum metabolites variance. Although the gut microbiome displays greater compositional changes compared to the oral microbiome, the oral microbiome demonstrates more changes at the genetic level, with trends dependent on environmental richness and species prevalence in the population. In conclusion, our study shows dietary interventions can affect the microbiome, cardiometabolic profile and immune response of the host, and that these factors are well associated with each other, and can be harnessed for new therapeutic modalities.

Suggested Citation

  • Saar Shoer & Smadar Shilo & Anastasia Godneva & Orly Ben-Yacov & Michal Rein & Bat Chen Wolf & Maya Lotan-Pompan & Noam Bar & Ervin I. Weiss & Yael Houri-Haddad & Yitzhak Pilpel & Adina Weinberger & E, 2023. "Impact of dietary interventions on pre-diabetic oral and gut microbiome, metabolites and cytokines," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-14, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:14:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-023-41042-x
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41042-x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sabina Leanti La Rosa & Maria Louise Leth & Leszek Michalak & Morten Ejby Hansen & Nicholas A. Pudlo & Robert Glowacki & Gabriel Pereira & Christopher T. Workman & Magnus Ø. Arntzen & Phillip B. Pope , 2019. "The human gut Firmicute Roseburia intestinalis is a primary degrader of dietary β-mannans," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 10(1), pages 1-14, December.
    2. Daphna Rothschild & Sigal Leviatan & Ariel Hanemann & Yossi Cohen & Omer Weissbrod & Eran Segal, 2022. "An atlas of robust microbiome associations with phenotypic traits based on large-scale cohorts from two continents," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 17(3), pages 1-20, March.
    3. Noam Bar & Tal Korem & Omer Weissbrod & David Zeevi & Daphna Rothschild & Sigal Leviatan & Noa Kosower & Maya Lotan-Pompan & Adina Weinberger & Caroline I. Roy & Cristina Menni & Alessia Visconti & Ma, 2020. "A reference map of potential determinants for the human serum metabolome," Nature, Nature, vol. 588(7836), pages 135-140, December.
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