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Genome-wide association studies reveal novel loci associated with pyrethroid and organophosphate resistance in Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii

Author

Listed:
  • Eric R. Lucas

    (Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine)

  • Sanjay C. Nagi

    (Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine)

  • Alexander Egyir-Yawson

    (University of Cape Coast)

  • John Essandoh

    (University of Cape Coast)

  • Samuel Dadzie

    (University of Ghana)

  • Joseph Chabi

    (University of Ghana)

  • Luc S. Djogbénou

    (Université d’Abomey-Calavi (UAC))

  • Adandé A. Medjigbodo

    (Université d’Abomey-Calavi (UAC))

  • Constant V. Edi

    (Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire)

  • Guillaume K. Kétoh

    (Université de Lomé)

  • Benjamin G. Koudou

    (Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire)

  • Arjen E. Van’t Hof

    (Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
    Institute of Entomology)

  • Emily J. Rippon

    (Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine)

  • Dimitra Pipini

    (Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine)

  • Nicholas J. Harding

    (University of Oxford)

  • Naomi A. Dyer

    (Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine)

  • Louise T. Cerdeira

    (Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine)

  • Chris S. Clarkson

    (Hinxton)

  • Dominic P. Kwiatkowski

    (Hinxton)

  • Alistair Miles

    (Hinxton)

  • Martin J. Donnelly

    (Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
    Hinxton)

  • David Weetman

    (Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine)

Abstract

Resistance to insecticides in Anopheles mosquitoes threatens the effectiveness of malaria control, but the genetics of resistance are only partially understood. We performed a large scale multi-country genome-wide association study of resistance to two widely used insecticides: deltamethrin and pirimiphos-methyl, using sequencing data from An. gambiae and An. coluzzii from ten locations in West Africa. Resistance was highly multi-genic, multi-allelic and variable between populations. While the strongest and most consistent association with deltamethrin resistance came from Cyp6aa1, this was based on several independent copy number variants (CNVs) in An. coluzzii, and on a non-CNV haplotype in An. gambiae. For pirimiphos-methyl, signals included Ace1, cytochrome P450s, glutathione S-transferases and the nAChR target site of neonicotinoid insecticides. The regions around Cyp9k1 and the Tep family of immune genes showed evidence of cross-resistance to both insecticides. These locally-varying, multi-allelic patterns highlight the challenges involved in genomic monitoring of resistance, and may form the basis for improved surveillance methods.

Suggested Citation

  • Eric R. Lucas & Sanjay C. Nagi & Alexander Egyir-Yawson & John Essandoh & Samuel Dadzie & Joseph Chabi & Luc S. Djogbénou & Adandé A. Medjigbodo & Constant V. Edi & Guillaume K. Kétoh & Benjamin G. Ko, 2023. "Genome-wide association studies reveal novel loci associated with pyrethroid and organophosphate resistance in Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-11, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:14:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-023-40693-0
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40693-0
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Chris S. Clarkson & David Weetman & John Essandoh & Alexander E. Yawson & Gareth Maslen & Magnus Manske & Stuart G. Field & Mark Webster & Tiago Antão & Bronwyn MacInnis & Dominic Kwiatkowski & Martin, 2014. "Adaptive introgression between Anopheles sibling species eliminates a major genomic island but not reproductive isolation," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 5(1), pages 1-10, September.
    2. Ellie Sherrard-Smith & Jamie T. Griffin & Peter Winskill & Vincent Corbel & Cédric Pennetier & Armel Djénontin & Sarah Moore & Jason H. Richardson & Pie Müller & Constant Edi & Natacha Protopopoff & R, 2018. "Systematic review of indoor residual spray efficacy and effectiveness against Plasmodium falciparum in Africa," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 9(1), pages 1-13, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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