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Deficiency and excess of groundwater iodine and their health associations

Author

Listed:
  • Ruoqi Ma

    (Peking University; Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education
    Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School
    Ministry of Water Resources)

  • Mingquan Yan

    (Peking University; Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education)

  • Peng Han

    (Peking University; Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education)

  • Ting Wang

    (Peking University; Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education
    Peking University)

  • Bin Li

    (Peking University; Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education
    Peking University)

  • Shungui Zhou

    (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University)

  • Tong Zheng

    (Peking University; Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education)

  • Yandi Hu

    (Peking University; Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education)

  • Alistair G. L. Borthwick

    (The University of Edinburgh
    University of Plymouth)

  • Chunmiao Zheng

    (Southern University of Science and Technology)

  • Jinren Ni

    (Peking University; Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education
    Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School)

Abstract

More than two billion people worldwide have suffered thyroid disorders from either iodine deficiency or excess. By creating the national map of groundwater iodine throughout China, we reveal the spatial responses of diverse health risks to iodine in continental groundwater. Greater non-carcinogenic risks relevant to lower iodine more likely occur in the areas of higher altitude, while those associated with high groundwater iodine are concentrated in the areas suffered from transgressions enhanced by land over-use and intensive anthropogenic overexploitation. The potential roles of groundwater iodine species are also explored: iodide might be associated with subclinical hypothyroidism particularly in higher iodine regions, whereas iodate impacts on thyroid risks in presence of universal salt iodization exhibit high uncertainties in lower iodine regions. This implies that accurate iodine supply depending on spatial heterogeneity and dietary iodine structure optimization are highly needed to mitigate thyroid risks in iodine-deficient and -excess areas globally.

Suggested Citation

  • Ruoqi Ma & Mingquan Yan & Peng Han & Ting Wang & Bin Li & Shungui Zhou & Tong Zheng & Yandi Hu & Alistair G. L. Borthwick & Chunmiao Zheng & Jinren Ni, 2022. "Deficiency and excess of groundwater iodine and their health associations," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-13, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-35042-6
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35042-6
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Zhao, J. & Wang, P. & Shang, L. & Sullivan, K.M. & Van der Haar, F. & Maberly, G., 2000. "Endemic goiter associated with high iodine intake," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 90(10), pages 1633-1635.
    2. Di Long & Wenting Yang & Bridget R. Scanlon & Jianshi Zhao & Dagen Liu & Peter Burek & Yun Pan & Liangzhi You & Yoshihide Wada, 2020. "South-to-North Water Diversion stabilizing Beijing’s groundwater levels," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 11(1), pages 1-10, December.
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