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Spike-antibody responses to COVID-19 vaccination by demographic and clinical factors in a prospective community cohort study

Author

Listed:
  • Madhumita Shrotri

    (University College London)

  • Ellen Fragaszy

    (University College London
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine)

  • Vincent Nguyen

    (University College London)

  • Annalan M. D. Navaratnam

    (University College London)

  • Cyril Geismar

    (University College London)

  • Sarah Beale

    (University College London)

  • Jana Kovar

    (University College London)

  • Thomas E. Byrne

    (University College London)

  • Wing Lam Erica Fong

    (University College London)

  • Parth Patel

    (University College London)

  • Anna Aryee

    (University College London)

  • Isobel Braithwaite

    (University College London)

  • Anne M. Johnson

    (University College London)

  • Alison Rodger

    (University College London)

  • Andrew C. Hayward

    (University College London)

  • Robert W. Aldridge

    (University College London)

Abstract

Vaccination constitutes the best long-term solution against Coronavirus Disease-2019; however, vaccine-derived immunity may not protect all groups equally, and the durability of protective antibodies may be short. We evaluate Spike-antibody responses following BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1-S vaccination amongst SARS-CoV2-naive adults across England and Wales enrolled in a prospective cohort study (Virus Watch). Here we show BNT162b2 recipients achieved higher peak antibody levels after two doses; however, both groups experience substantial antibody waning over time. In 8356 individuals submitting a sample ≥28 days after Dose 2, we observe significantly reduced Spike-antibody levels following two doses amongst individuals reporting conditions and therapies that cause immunosuppression. After adjusting for these, several common chronic conditions also appear to attenuate the antibody response. These findings suggest the need to continue prioritising vulnerable groups, who have been vaccinated earliest and have the most attenuated antibody responses, for future boosters.

Suggested Citation

  • Madhumita Shrotri & Ellen Fragaszy & Vincent Nguyen & Annalan M. D. Navaratnam & Cyril Geismar & Sarah Beale & Jana Kovar & Thomas E. Byrne & Wing Lam Erica Fong & Parth Patel & Anna Aryee & Isobel Br, 2022. "Spike-antibody responses to COVID-19 vaccination by demographic and clinical factors in a prospective community cohort study," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-10, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-33550-z
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33550-z
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Gayatri Amirthalingam & Jamie Lopez Bernal & Nick J. Andrews & Heather Whitaker & Charlotte Gower & Julia Stowe & Elise Tessier & Sathyavani Subbarao & Georgina Ireland & Frances Baawuah & Ezra Linley, 2021. "Serological responses and vaccine effectiveness for extended COVID-19 vaccine schedules in England," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-9, December.
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