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Outcomes among confirmed cases and a matched comparison group in the Long-COVID in Scotland study

Author

Listed:
  • Claire E. Hastie

    (University of Glasgow)

  • David J. Lowe

    (University of Glasgow
    Queen Elizabeth University Hospital)

  • Andrew McAuley

    (Public Health Scotland, Meridian Court
    Glasgow Caledonian University)

  • Andrew J. Winter

    (NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde)

  • Nicholas L. Mills

    (University of Edinburgh
    Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh)

  • Corri Black

    (University of Aberdeen
    Public Health Directorate, NHS Grampian)

  • Janet T. Scott

    (MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow)

  • Catherine A. O’Donnell

    (University of Glasgow)

  • David N. Blane

    (University of Glasgow)

  • Susan Browne

    (University of Glasgow)

  • Tracy R. Ibbotson

    (University of Glasgow)

  • Jill P. Pell

    (University of Glasgow)

Abstract

With increasing numbers infected by SARS-CoV-2, understanding long-COVID is essential to inform health and social care support. A Scottish population cohort of 33,281 laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections and 62,957 never-infected individuals were followed-up via 6, 12 and 18-month questionnaires and linkage to hospitalization and death records. Of the 31,486 symptomatic infections,1,856 (6%) had not recovered and 13,350 (42%) only partially. No recovery was associated with hospitalized infection, age, female sex, deprivation, respiratory disease, depression and multimorbidity. Previous symptomatic infection was associated with poorer quality of life, impairment across all daily activities and 24 persistent symptoms including breathlessness (OR 3.43, 95% CI 3.29–3.58), palpitations (OR 2.51, OR 2.36–2.66), chest pain (OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.96–2.23), and confusion (OR 2.92, 95% CI 2.78–3.07). Asymptomatic infection was not associated with adverse outcomes. Vaccination was associated with reduced risk of seven symptoms. Here we describe the nature of long-COVID and the factors associated with it.

Suggested Citation

  • Claire E. Hastie & David J. Lowe & Andrew McAuley & Andrew J. Winter & Nicholas L. Mills & Corri Black & Janet T. Scott & Catherine A. O’Donnell & David N. Blane & Susan Browne & Tracy R. Ibbotson & J, 2022. "Outcomes among confirmed cases and a matched comparison group in the Long-COVID in Scotland study," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-9, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-33415-5
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33415-5
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    Cited by:

    1. Mirko Duradoni & Mustafa Can Gursesli & Letizia Materassi & Elena Serritella & Andrea Guazzini, 2022. "The Long-COVID Experience Changed People’s Vaccine Hesitancy but Not Their Vaccination Fear," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-13, November.
    2. Claire E. Hastie & David J. Lowe & Andrew McAuley & Nicholas L. Mills & Andrew J. Winter & Corri Black & Janet T. Scott & Catherine A. O’Donnell & David N. Blane & Susan Browne & Tracy R. Ibbotson & J, 2023. "Natural history of long-COVID in a nationwide, population cohort study," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-10, December.

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