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Vacancy driven surface disorder catalyzes anisotropic evaporation of ZnO (0001) polar surface

Author

Listed:
  • Zhen Wang

    (Sungkyunkwan University)

  • Jinho Byun

    (Pusan National University)

  • Subin Lee

    (Sungkyunkwan University
    Karlsruhe Institute of Technology)

  • Jinsol Seo

    (Sungkyunkwan University
    Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH))

  • Bumsu Park

    (Sungkyunkwan University
    CEMES-CNRS, 29 rue J. Marvig)

  • Jong Chan Kim

    (UNIST Central Research Facilities, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST))

  • Hu Young Jeong

    (UNIST Central Research Facilities, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST))

  • Junhyeok Bang

    (Chungbuk National University)

  • Jaekwang Lee

    (Pusan National University)

  • Sang Ho Oh

    (Sungkyunkwan University
    Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH))

Abstract

The evaporation and crystal growth rates of ZnO are highly anisotropic and are fastest on the Zn-terminated ZnO (0001) polar surface. Herein, we study this behavior by direct atomic-scale observations and simulations of the dynamic processes of the ZnO (0001) polar surface during evaporation. The evaporation of the (0001) polar surface is accelerated dramatically at around 300 °C with the spontaneous formation of a few nanometer-thick quasi-liquid layer. This structurally disordered and chemically Zn-deficient quasi-liquid is derived from the formation and inward diffusion of Zn vacancies that stabilize the (0001) polar surface. The quasi-liquid controls the dissociative evaporation of ZnO with establishing steady state reactions with Zn and O2 vapors and the underlying ZnO crystal; while the quasi-liquid catalyzes the disordering of ZnO lattice by injecting Zn vacancies, it facilitates the desorption of O2 molecules. This study reveals that the polarity-driven surface disorder is the key structural feature driving the fast anisotropic evaporation and crystal growth of ZnO nanostructures along the [0001] direction.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhen Wang & Jinho Byun & Subin Lee & Jinsol Seo & Bumsu Park & Jong Chan Kim & Hu Young Jeong & Junhyeok Bang & Jaekwang Lee & Sang Ho Oh, 2022. "Vacancy driven surface disorder catalyzes anisotropic evaporation of ZnO (0001) polar surface," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-12, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-33353-2
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33353-2
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    Cited by:

    1. Malkeshkumar Patel & Hyeong-Ho Park & Priyanka Bhatnagar & Naveen Kumar & Junsik Lee & Joondong Kim, 2024. "Transparent integrated pyroelectric-photovoltaic structure for photo-thermo hybrid power generation," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-14, December.

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