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Direct observation of ideal electromagnetic fluids

Author

Listed:
  • Hao Li

    (Tsinghua University)

  • Ziheng Zhou

    (Tsinghua University)

  • Wangyu Sun

    (Tsinghua University)

  • Michaël Lobet

    (University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61)

  • Nader Engheta

    (University of Pennsylvania)

  • Iñigo Liberal

    (Public University of Navarre (UPNA))

  • Yue Li

    (Tsinghua University)

Abstract

Near-zero-index (NZI) media have been theoretically identified as media where electromagnetic radiations behave like ideal electromagnetic fluids. Within NZI media, the electromagnetic power flow obeys equations similar to those of motion for the velocity field in an ideal fluid, so that optical turbulence is intrinsically inhibited. Here, we experimentally observe the electromagnetic power flow distribution of such an ideal electromagnetic fluid propagating within a cutoff waveguide by a semi-analytical reconstruction technique. This technique provides direct proof of the inhibition of electromagnetic vorticity at the NZI frequency, even in the presence of complex obstacles and topological changes in the waveguide. Phase uniformity and spatially-static field distributions, essential characteristics of NZI materials, are also observed. Measurement of the same structure outside the NZI frequency range reveals existence of vortices in the power flow, as expected for conventional optical systems. Therefore, our results provide an important step forward in the development of ideal electromagnetic fluids, and introduce a tool to explore the subwavelength behavior of NZI media including fully vectorial and phase information.

Suggested Citation

  • Hao Li & Ziheng Zhou & Wangyu Sun & Michaël Lobet & Nader Engheta & Iñigo Liberal & Yue Li, 2022. "Direct observation of ideal electromagnetic fluids," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-8, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-32187-2
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32187-2
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mohammad Memarian & George V. Eleftheriades, 2015. "Dirac leaky-wave antennas for continuous beam scanning from photonic crystals," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 6(1), pages 1-9, May.
    2. I. Liberal & A. M. Mahmoud & N. Engheta, 2016. "Geometry-invariant resonant cavities," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 7(1), pages 1-7, April.
    3. Ziheng Zhou & Yue Li & Hao Li & Wangyu Sun & Iñigo Liberal & Nader Engheta, 2019. "Substrate-integrated photonic doping for near-zero-index devices," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 10(1), pages 1-8, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Wendi Yan & Ziheng Zhou & Hao Li & Yue Li, 2023. "Transmission-type photonic doping for high-efficiency epsilon-near-zero supercoupling," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-10, December.
    2. Jiaye Wu & Marco Clementi & Chenxingyu Huang & Feng Ye & Hongyan Fu & Lei Lu & Shengdong Zhang & Qian Li & Camille-Sophie Brès, 2024. "Thermo-optic epsilon-near-zero effects," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-9, December.
    3. Picatoste, Aitor & Justel, Daniel & Mendoza, Joan Manuel F., 2022. "Circularity and life cycle environmental impact assessment of batteries for electric vehicles: Industrial challenges, best practices and research guidelines," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
    4. Mittelman, Gur & Eran, Ronen & Zhivin, Lev & Eisenhändler, Ohad & Luzon, Yossi & Tshuva, Moshe, 2023. "The potential of renewable electricity in isolated grids: The case of Israel in 2050," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 349(C).

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