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Pre-existing immunity and vaccine history determine hemagglutinin-specific CD4 T cell and IgG response following seasonal influenza vaccination

Author

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  • Katharina Wild

    (Medical Center – University of Freiburg
    University of Freiburg
    University of Freiburg)

  • Maike Smits

    (Medical Center – University of Freiburg
    University of Freiburg
    University of Freiburg)

  • Saskia Killmer

    (Medical Center – University of Freiburg
    University of Freiburg)

  • Shirin Strohmeier

    (Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai)

  • Christoph Neumann-Haefelin

    (Medical Center – University of Freiburg
    University of Freiburg)

  • Bertram Bengsch

    (Medical Center – University of Freiburg
    University of Freiburg
    University of Freiburg)

  • Florian Krammer

    (Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai)

  • Martin Schwemmle

    (University of Freiburg)

  • Maike Hofmann

    (Medical Center – University of Freiburg
    University of Freiburg)

  • Robert Thimme

    (Medical Center – University of Freiburg
    University of Freiburg)

  • Katharina Zoldan

    (Medical Center – University of Freiburg
    University of Freiburg)

  • Tobias Boettler

    (Medical Center – University of Freiburg
    University of Freiburg)

Abstract

Effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccination varies between individuals and might be affected by vaccination history among other factors. Here we show, by monitoring frequencies of CD4 T cells specific to the conserved hemagglutinin epitope HA118-132 and titres of IgG against the corresponding recombinant hemagglutinin protein, that antigen-specific CD4 T cell and antibody responses are closely linked to pre-existing immunity and vaccine history. Upon immunization, a strong early reaction is observed in all vaccine naïve participants and also in vaccine experienced individuals who have not received the respective seasonal vaccine in the previous year. This response is characterized by HA118-132 specific CD4 T cells with a follicular helper T cell phenotype and by ascending titers of hemagglutinin-specific antibodies from baseline to day 28 following vaccination. This trend was observed in only a proportion of those participants who received the seasonal vaccine the year preceding the study. Regardless of history, levels of pre-existing antibodies and CD127 expression on CD4 T cells at baseline were the strongest predictors of robust early response. Thus, both pre-existing immunity and vaccine history contribute to the response to seasonal influenza vaccines.

Suggested Citation

  • Katharina Wild & Maike Smits & Saskia Killmer & Shirin Strohmeier & Christoph Neumann-Haefelin & Bertram Bengsch & Florian Krammer & Martin Schwemmle & Maike Hofmann & Robert Thimme & Katharina Zoldan, 2021. "Pre-existing immunity and vaccine history determine hemagglutinin-specific CD4 T cell and IgG response following seasonal influenza vaccination," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-15, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:12:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-021-27064-3
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27064-3
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Hannes Uchtenhagen & Cliff Rims & Gabriele Blahnik & I-Ting Chow & William W. Kwok & Jane H. Buckner & Eddie A. James, 2016. "Efficient ex vivo analysis of CD4+ T-cell responses using combinatorial HLA class II tetramer staining," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 7(1), pages 1-12, November.
    2. K. Kai McKinstry & Tara M. Strutt & Bianca Bautista & Wenliang Zhang & Yi Kuang & Andrea M. Cooper & Susan L. Swain, 2014. "Effector CD4 T-cell transition to memory requires late cognate interactions that induce autocrine IL-2," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 5(1), pages 1-12, December.
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