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Diversity, multifaceted evolution, and facultative saprotrophism in the European Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans epidemic

Author

Listed:
  • Moira Kelly

    (Ghent University)

  • Frank Pasmans

    (Ghent University)

  • Jose F. Muñoz

    (Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard)

  • Terrance P. Shea

    (Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard)

  • Salvador Carranza

    (Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-UPF))

  • Christina A. Cuomo

    (Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard)

  • An Martel

    (Ghent University)

Abstract

While emerging fungi threaten global biodiversity, the paucity of fungal genome assemblies impedes thoroughly characterizing epidemics and developing effective mitigation strategies. Here, we generate de novo genomic assemblies for six outbreaks of the emerging pathogen Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal). We reveal the European epidemic currently damaging amphibian populations to comprise multiple, highly divergent lineages demonstrating isolate-specific adaptations and metabolic capacities. In particular, we show extensive gene family expansions and acquisitions, through a variety of evolutionary mechanisms, and an isolate-specific saprotrophic lifecycle. This finding both explains the chytrid’s ability to divorce transmission from host density, producing Bsal’s enigmatic host population declines, and is a key consideration in developing successful mitigation measures.

Suggested Citation

  • Moira Kelly & Frank Pasmans & Jose F. Muñoz & Terrance P. Shea & Salvador Carranza & Christina A. Cuomo & An Martel, 2021. "Diversity, multifaceted evolution, and facultative saprotrophism in the European Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans epidemic," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-12, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:12:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-021-27005-0
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27005-0
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Matthew C. Fisher & Daniel. A. Henk & Cheryl J. Briggs & John S. Brownstein & Lawrence C. Madoff & Sarah L. McCraw & Sarah J. Gurr, 2012. "Emerging fungal threats to animal, plant and ecosystem health," Nature, Nature, vol. 484(7393), pages 186-194, April.
    2. Gwij Stegen & Frank Pasmans & Benedikt R. Schmidt & Lieze O. Rouffaer & Sarah Van Praet & Michael Schaub & Stefano Canessa & Arnaud Laudelout & Thierry Kinet & Connie Adriaensen & Freddy Haesebrouck &, 2017. "Drivers of salamander extirpation mediated by Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans," Nature, Nature, vol. 544(7650), pages 353-356, April.
    3. Rhys A. Farrer & An Martel & Elin Verbrugghe & Amr Abouelleil & Richard Ducatelle & Joyce E. Longcore & Timothy Y. James & Frank Pasmans & Matthew C. Fisher & Christina A. Cuomo, 2017. "Genomic innovations linked to infection strategies across emerging pathogenic chytrid fungi," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 8(1), pages 1-11, April.
    4. Mark S. Greener & Elin Verbrugghe & Moira Kelly & Mark Blooi & Wouter Beukema & Stefano Canessa & Salvador Carranza & Siska Croubels & Niels De Troyer & Daniel Fernandez-Giberteau & Peter Goethals & L, 2020. "Presence of low virulence chytrid fungi could protect European amphibians from more deadly strains," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 11(1), pages 1-11, December.
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