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SARS-CoV-2 disease severity and transmission efficiency is increased for airborne compared to fomite exposure in Syrian hamsters

Author

Listed:
  • Julia R. Port

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Claude Kwe Yinda

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Irene Offei Owusu

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Myndi Holbrook

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Robert Fischer

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Trenton Bushmaker

    (National Institutes of Health
    Montana State University)

  • Victoria A. Avanzato

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Jonathan E. Schulz

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Craig Martens

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Neeltje van Doremalen

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Chad S. Clancy

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Vincent J. Munster

    (National Institutes of Health)

Abstract

Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is driven by contact, fomite, and airborne transmission. The relative contribution of different transmission routes remains subject to debate. Here, we show Syrian hamsters are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection through intranasal, aerosol and fomite exposure. Different routes of exposure present with distinct disease manifestations. Intranasal and aerosol inoculation causes severe respiratory pathology, higher virus loads and increased weight loss. In contrast, fomite exposure leads to milder disease manifestation characterized by an anti-inflammatory immune state and delayed shedding pattern. Whereas the overall magnitude of respiratory virus shedding is not linked to disease severity, the onset of shedding is. Early shedding is linked to an increase in disease severity. Airborne transmission is more efficient than fomite transmission and dependent on the direction of the airflow. Carefully characterized SARS-CoV-2 transmission models will be crucial to assess potential changes in transmission and pathogenic potential in the light of the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 evolution.

Suggested Citation

  • Julia R. Port & Claude Kwe Yinda & Irene Offei Owusu & Myndi Holbrook & Robert Fischer & Trenton Bushmaker & Victoria A. Avanzato & Jonathan E. Schulz & Craig Martens & Neeltje van Doremalen & Chad S., 2021. "SARS-CoV-2 disease severity and transmission efficiency is increased for airborne compared to fomite exposure in Syrian hamsters," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-15, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:12:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-021-25156-8
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25156-8
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    Cited by:

    1. Julia R. Port & Claude Kwe Yinda & Jade C. Riopelle & Zachary A. Weishampel & Taylor A. Saturday & Victoria A. Avanzato & Jonathan E. Schulz & Myndi G. Holbrook & Kent Barbian & Rose Perry-Gottschalk , 2023. "Infection- or AZD1222 vaccine-mediated immunity reduces SARS-CoV-2 transmission but increases Omicron competitiveness in hamsters," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-14, December.
    2. Weizhong Li & Tao Wang & Arunraj M. Rajendrakumar & Gyanada Acharya & Zizhen Miao & Berin P. Varghese & Hailiang Yu & Bibek Dhakal & Tanya LeRoith & Athira Karunakaran & Wenbin Tuo & Xiaoping Zhu, 2023. "An FcRn-targeted mucosal vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-18, December.
    3. Wei Qiao & Hui En Lau & Huizhi Xie & Vincent Kwok-Man Poon & Chris Chung-Sing Chan & Hin Chu & Shuofeng Yuan & Terrence Tsz-Tai Yuen & Kenn Ka-Heng Chik & Jessica Oi-Ling Tsang & Chris Chun-Yiu Chan &, 2022. "SARS-CoV-2 infection induces inflammatory bone loss in golden Syrian hamsters," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-16, December.
    4. Bruno A. Rodriguez-Rodriguez & Grace O. Ciabattoni & Ralf Duerr & Ana M. Valero-Jimenez & Stephen T. Yeung & Keaton M. Crosse & Austin R. Schinlever & Lucie Bernard-Raichon & Joaquin Rodriguez Galvan , 2023. "A neonatal mouse model characterizes transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 variants and reveals a role for ORF8," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-15, December.

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