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An umbrella review of the evidence associating diet and cancer risk at 11 anatomical sites

Author

Listed:
  • Nikos Papadimitriou

    (University of Ioannina School of Medicine
    International Agency for Research on Cancer)

  • Georgios Markozannes

    (University of Ioannina School of Medicine
    Imperial College London)

  • Afroditi Kanellopoulou

    (University of Ioannina School of Medicine)

  • Elena Critselis

    (Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens)

  • Sumayah Alhardan

    (Imperial College London)

  • Vaia Karafousia

    (University of Ioannina School of Medicine)

  • John C. Kasimis

    (University of Ioannina School of Medicine)

  • Chrysavgi Katsaraki

    (Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens)

  • Areti Papadopoulou

    (University of Ioannina School of Medicine)

  • Maria Zografou

    (University of Ioannina School of Medicine)

  • David S. Lopez

    (University of Texas Medical Branch)

  • Doris S. M. Chan

    (Imperial College London)

  • Maria Kyrgiou

    (Imperial College London
    Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust)

  • Evangelia Ntzani

    (University of Ioannina School of Medicine
    School of Public Health, Brown University)

  • Amanda J. Cross

    (Imperial College London
    Imperial College London)

  • Michael T. Marrone

    (Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health)

  • Elizabeth A. Platz

    (Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
    Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins
    Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine)

  • Marc J. Gunter

    (International Agency for Research on Cancer)

  • Konstantinos K. Tsilidis

    (University of Ioannina School of Medicine
    Imperial College London)

Abstract

There is evidence that diet and nutrition are modifiable risk factors for several cancers, but associations may be flawed due to inherent biases. Nutritional epidemiology studies have largely relied on a single assessment of diet using food frequency questionnaires. We conduct an umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational studies to evaluate the strength and validity of the evidence for the association between food/nutrient intake and risk of developing or dying from 11 primary cancers. It is estimated that only few single food/nutrient and cancer associations are supported by strong or highly suggestive meta-analytic evidence, and future similar research is unlikely to change this evidence. Alcohol consumption is positively associated with risk of postmenopausal breast, colorectal, esophageal, head & neck and liver cancer. Consumption of dairy products, milk, calcium and wholegrains are inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk. Coffee consumption is inversely associated with risk of liver cancer and skin basal cell carcinoma.

Suggested Citation

  • Nikos Papadimitriou & Georgios Markozannes & Afroditi Kanellopoulou & Elena Critselis & Sumayah Alhardan & Vaia Karafousia & John C. Kasimis & Chrysavgi Katsaraki & Areti Papadopoulou & Maria Zografou, 2021. "An umbrella review of the evidence associating diet and cancer risk at 11 anatomical sites," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-10, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:12:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-021-24861-8
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24861-8
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    Cited by:

    1. João Botelho & Paulo Mascarenhas & João Viana & Luís Proença & Marco Orlandi & Yago Leira & Leandro Chambrone & José João Mendes & Vanessa Machado, 2022. "An umbrella review of the evidence linking oral health and systemic noncommunicable diseases," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-11, December.

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