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Edge channels of broken-symmetry quantum Hall states in graphene visualized by atomic force microscopy

Author

Listed:
  • Sungmin Kim

    (National Institute of Standards and Technology
    University of Maryland)

  • Johannes Schwenk

    (National Institute of Standards and Technology
    University of Maryland)

  • Daniel Walkup

    (National Institute of Standards and Technology
    University of Maryland)

  • Yihang Zeng

    (Columbia University)

  • Fereshte Ghahari

    (National Institute of Standards and Technology
    University of Maryland)

  • Son T. Le

    (National Institute of Standards and Technology
    Theiss Research)

  • Marlou R. Slot

    (National Institute of Standards and Technology
    Georgetown University)

  • Julian Berwanger

    (University of Regensburg)

  • Steven R. Blankenship

    (National Institute of Standards and Technology)

  • Kenji Watanabe

    (National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba)

  • Takashi Taniguchi

    (National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba)

  • Franz J. Giessibl

    (University of Regensburg)

  • Nikolai B. Zhitenev

    (National Institute of Standards and Technology)

  • Cory R. Dean

    (Columbia University)

  • Joseph A. Stroscio

    (National Institute of Standards and Technology)

Abstract

The quantum Hall (QH) effect, a topologically non-trivial quantum phase, expanded the concept of topological order in physics bringing into focus the intimate relation between the “bulk” topology and the edge states. The QH effect in graphene is distinguished by its four-fold degenerate zero energy Landau level (zLL), where the symmetry is broken by electron interactions on top of lattice-scale potentials. However, the broken-symmetry edge states have eluded spatial measurements. In this article, we spatially map the quantum Hall broken-symmetry edge states comprising the graphene zLL at integer filling factors of $${{\nu }}={{0}},\pm {{1}}$$ ν = 0 , ± 1 across the quantum Hall edge boundary using high-resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM) and show a gapped ground state proceeding from the bulk through to the QH edge boundary. Measurements of the chemical potential resolve the energies of the four-fold degenerate zLL as a function of magnetic field and show the interplay of the moiré superlattice potential of the graphene/boron nitride system and spin/valley symmetry-breaking effects in large magnetic fields.

Suggested Citation

  • Sungmin Kim & Johannes Schwenk & Daniel Walkup & Yihang Zeng & Fereshte Ghahari & Son T. Le & Marlou R. Slot & Julian Berwanger & Steven R. Blankenship & Kenji Watanabe & Takashi Taniguchi & Franz J. , 2021. "Edge channels of broken-symmetry quantum Hall states in graphene visualized by atomic force microscopy," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-11, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:12:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-021-22886-7
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22886-7
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    Cited by:

    1. Thomas Werkmeister & James R. Ehrets & Yuval Ronen & Marie E. Wesson & Danial Najafabadi & Zezhu Wei & Kenji Watanabe & Takashi Taniguchi & D. E. Feldman & Bertrand I. Halperin & Amir Yacoby & Philip , 2024. "Strongly coupled edge states in a graphene quantum Hall interferometer," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-10, December.
    2. Ravi Kumar & Saurabh Kumar Srivastav & Ujjal Roy & Jinhong Park & Christian Spånslätt & K. Watanabe & T. Taniguchi & Yuval Gefen & Alexander D. Mirlin & Anindya Das, 2024. "Electrical noise spectroscopy of magnons in a quantum Hall ferromagnet," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-9, December.

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