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Heterodyne sensing of microwaves with a quantum sensor

Author

Listed:
  • Jonas Meinel

    (University of Stuttgart Institute for Quantum Science and Technology IQST
    Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research)

  • Vadim Vorobyov

    (University of Stuttgart Institute for Quantum Science and Technology IQST)

  • Boris Yavkin

    (University of Stuttgart Institute for Quantum Science and Technology IQST)

  • Durga Dasari

    (University of Stuttgart Institute for Quantum Science and Technology IQST
    Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research)

  • Hitoshi Sumiya

    (Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd.)

  • Shinobu Onoda

    (National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology)

  • Junichi Isoya

    (University of Tsukuba)

  • Jörg Wrachtrup

    (University of Stuttgart Institute for Quantum Science and Technology IQST
    Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research)

Abstract

Diamond quantum sensors are sensitive to weak microwave magnetic fields resonant to the spin transitions. However, the spectral resolution in such protocols is ultimately limited by the sensor lifetime. Here, we demonstrate a heterodyne detection method for microwaves (MW) leading to a lifetime independent spectral resolution in the GHz range. We reference the MW signal to a local oscillator by generating the initial superposition state from a coherent source. Experimentally, we achieve a spectral resolution below 1 Hz for a 4 GHz signal far below the sensor lifetime limit of kilohertz. Furthermore, we show control over the interaction of the MW-field with the two-level system by applying dressing fields, pulsed Mollow absorption and Floquet dynamics under strong longitudinal radio frequency drive. While pulsed Mollow absorption leads to improved sensitivity, the Floquet dynamics allow robust control, independent from the system’s resonance frequency. Our work is important for future studies in sensing weak microwave signals in a wide frequency range with high spectral resolution.

Suggested Citation

  • Jonas Meinel & Vadim Vorobyov & Boris Yavkin & Durga Dasari & Hitoshi Sumiya & Shinobu Onoda & Junichi Isoya & Jörg Wrachtrup, 2021. "Heterodyne sensing of microwaves with a quantum sensor," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-8, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:12:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-021-22714-y
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22714-y
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    Cited by:

    1. Chen Zhang & Durga Dasari & Matthias Widmann & Jonas Meinel & Vadim Vorobyov & Polina Kapitanova & Elizaveta Nenasheva & Kazuo Nakamura & Hitoshi Sumiya & Shinobu Onoda & Junichi Isoya & Jörg Wrachtru, 2022. "Quantum-assisted distortion-free audio signal sensing," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-10, December.
    2. Ozgur Sahin & Erica Leon Sanchez & Sophie Conti & Amala Akkiraju & Paul Reshetikhin & Emanuel Druga & Aakriti Aggarwal & Benjamin Gilbert & Sunil Bhave & Ashok Ajoy, 2022. "High field magnetometry with hyperpolarized nuclear spins," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-9, December.
    3. Joris J. Carmiggelt & Iacopo Bertelli & Roland W. Mulder & Annick Teepe & Mehrdad Elyasi & Brecht G. Simon & Gerrit E. W. Bauer & Yaroslav M. Blanter & Toeno Sar, 2023. "Broadband microwave detection using electron spins in a hybrid diamond-magnet sensor chip," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-6, December.

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