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Indian Ocean warming as a driver of the North Atlantic warming hole

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  • Shineng Hu

    (Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University
    Duke University)

  • Alexey V. Fedorov

    (Yale University
    Sorbonne University)

Abstract

Over the past century, the subpolar North Atlantic experienced slight cooling or suppressed warming, relative to the background positive temperature trends, often dubbed the North Atlantic warming hole (NAWH). The causes of the NAWH remain under debate. Here we conduct coupled ocean-atmosphere simulations to demonstrate that enhanced Indian Ocean warming, another salient feature of global warming, could increase local rainfall and through teleconnections strengthen surface westerly winds south of Greenland, cooling the subpolar North Atlantic. In decades to follow however, this cooling effect would gradually vanish as the Indian Ocean warming acts to strengthen the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). We argue that the historical NAWH can potentially be explained by such atmospheric mechanisms reliant on surface wind changes, while oceanic mechanisms related to AMOC changes become more important on longer timescales. Thus, explaining the North Atlantic temperature trends and particularly the NAWH requires considering both atmospheric and oceanic mechanisms.

Suggested Citation

  • Shineng Hu & Alexey V. Fedorov, 2020. "Indian Ocean warming as a driver of the North Atlantic warming hole," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 11(1), pages 1-11, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:11:y:2020:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-020-18522-5
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18522-5
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    Cited by:

    1. Jian Shi & Hao Huang & Alexey V. Fedorov & Neil J. Holbrook & Yu Zhang & Ruiqiang Ding & Yongyue Luo & Shengpeng Wang & Jiajie Chen & Xi Hu & Qinyu Liu & Fei Huang & Xiaopei Lin, 2024. "Northeast Pacific warm blobs sustained via extratropical atmospheric teleconnections," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-9, December.
    2. Sahil Sharma & Kyung-Ja Ha & Ryohei Yamaguchi & Keith B. Rodgers & Axel Timmermann & Eui-Seok Chung, 2023. "Future Indian Ocean warming patterns," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-11, December.
    3. Young-Min Yang & Jae-Heung Park & Soon-Il An & Sang-Wook Yeh & Zhiwei Zhu & Fei Liu & Juan Li & June-Yi Lee & Bin Wang, 2022. "Increased Indian Ocean-North Atlantic Ocean warming chain under greenhouse warming," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-9, December.
    4. Yiqun Tian & Shineng Hu & Clara Deser, 2023. "Critical role of biomass burning aerosols in enhanced historical Indian Ocean warming," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-8, December.

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