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Global temperature modes shed light on the Holocene temperature conundrum

Author

Listed:
  • Jürgen Bader

    (Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie
    Uni Research & the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research)

  • Johann Jungclaus

    (Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie)

  • Natalie Krivova

    (Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung)

  • Stephan Lorenz

    (Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie)

  • Amanda Maycock

    (University of Leeds)

  • Thomas Raddatz

    (Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie)

  • Hauke Schmidt

    (Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie)

  • Matthew Toohey

    (GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research
    Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies, University of Saskatchewan)

  • Chi-Ju Wu

    (Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung)

  • Martin Claussen

    (Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie
    Universität Hamburg)

Abstract

Reconstructions of the global mean annual temperature evolution during the Holocene yield conflicting results. One temperature reconstruction shows global cooling during the late Holocene. The other reconstruction reveals global warming. Here we show that both a global warming mode and a cooling mode emerge when performing a spatio-temporal analysis of annual temperature variability during the Holocene using data from a transient climate model simulation. The warming mode is most pronounced in the tropics. The simulated cooling mode is determined by changes in the seasonal cycle of Arctic sea-ice that are forced by orbital variations and volcanic eruptions. The warming mode dominates in the mid-Holocene, whereas the cooling mode takes over in the late Holocene. The weighted sum of the two modes yields the simulated global temperature trend evolution. Our findings have strong implications for the interpretation of proxy data and the selection of proxy locations to compute global mean temperatures.

Suggested Citation

  • Jürgen Bader & Johann Jungclaus & Natalie Krivova & Stephan Lorenz & Amanda Maycock & Thomas Raddatz & Hauke Schmidt & Matthew Toohey & Chi-Ju Wu & Martin Claussen, 2020. "Global temperature modes shed light on the Holocene temperature conundrum," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 11(1), pages 1-8, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:11:y:2020:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-020-18478-6
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18478-6
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    Cited by:

    1. Wenchao Zhang & Haibin Wu & Jun Cheng & Junyan Geng & Qin Li & Yong Sun & Yanyan Yu & Huayu Lu & Zhengtang Guo, 2022. "Holocene seasonal temperature evolution and spatial variability over the Northern Hemisphere landmass," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-12, December.
    2. Yancheng Zhang & Xufeng Zheng & Deming Kong & Hong Yan & Zhonghui Liu, 2021. "Enhanced North Pacific subtropical gyre circulation during the late Holocene," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-10, December.
    3. Jiawei Jiang & Bowen Meng & Huanye Wang & Hu Liu & Mu Song & Yuxin He & Cheng Zhao & Jun Cheng & Guoqiang Chu & Sergey Krivonogov & Weiguo Liu & Zhonghui Liu, 2024. "Spatial patterns of Holocene temperature changes over mid-latitude Eurasia," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-10, December.
    4. Olivier Cartapanis & Lukas Jonkers & Paola Moffa-Sanchez & Samuel L. Jaccard & Anne Vernal, 2022. "Complex spatio-temporal structure of the Holocene Thermal Maximum," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-11, December.
    5. Yajie Dong & Naiqin Wu & Fengjiang Li & Dan Zhang & Yueting Zhang & Caiming Shen & Houyuan Lu, 2022. "The Holocene temperature conundrum answered by mollusk records from East Asia," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-9, December.

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