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Ion buffering and interface charge enable high performance electronics with organic electrochemical transistors

Author

Listed:
  • Paolo Romele

    (University of Brescia)

  • Matteo Ghittorelli

    (University of Brescia)

  • Zsolt Miklós Kovács-Vajna

    (University of Brescia)

  • Fabrizio Torricelli

    (University of Brescia)

Abstract

Organic electrochemical transistors rely on ionic-electronic volumetric interaction to provide a seamless interface between biology and electronics with outstanding signal amplification. Despite their huge potential, further progress is limited owing to the lack of understanding of the device fundamentals. Here, we investigate organic electrochemical transistors in a wide range of experimental conditions by combining electrical analyses and device modeling. We show that the measurements can be quantitatively explained by nanoscale ionic-electronic charge interaction, giving rise to ion buffering and interface charge compensation. The investigation systematically explains and unifies a wide range of experiments, providing the rationale for the development of high-performance electronics. Unipolar inverters — universal building blocks for electronics — with gain larger than 100 are demonstrated. This is the highest gain ever reported, enabling the design of devices and circuits with enhanced performance and opening opportunities for the next-generation integrated bioelectronics and neuromorphic computing.

Suggested Citation

  • Paolo Romele & Matteo Ghittorelli & Zsolt Miklós Kovács-Vajna & Fabrizio Torricelli, 2019. "Ion buffering and interface charge enable high performance electronics with organic electrochemical transistors," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 10(1), pages 1-11, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:10:y:2019:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-019-11073-4
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11073-4
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    Cited by:

    1. Matteo Cucchi & Anton Weissbach & Lukas M. Bongartz & Richard Kantelberg & Hsin Tseng & Hans Kleemann & Karl Leo, 2022. "Thermodynamics of organic electrochemical transistors," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-8, December.
    2. Eyal Stein & Oded Nahor & Mikhail Stolov & Viatcheslav Freger & Iuliana Maria Petruta & Iain McCulloch & Gitti L. Frey, 2022. "Ambipolar blend-based organic electrochemical transistors and inverters," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-10, December.
    3. Pietro Belleri & Judith Pons i Tarrés & Iain McCulloch & Paul W. M. Blom & Zsolt M. Kovács-Vajna & Paschalis Gkoupidenis & Fabrizio Torricelli, 2024. "Unravelling the operation of organic artificial neurons for neuromorphic bioelectronics," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-16, December.
    4. Shuai Chen & Zhongliang Zhou & Kunqi Hou & Xihu Wu & Qiang He & Cindy G. Tang & Ting Li & Xiujuan Zhang & Jiansheng Jie & Zhiyi Gao & Nripan Mathews & Wei Lin Leong, 2024. "Artificial organic afferent nerves enable closed-loop tactile feedback for intelligent robot," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-13, December.

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