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Conductivity and lithiophilicity gradients guide lithium deposition to mitigate short circuits

Author

Listed:
  • Jun Pu

    (Nanjing University)

  • Jiachen Li

    (Nanjing University
    Northwest University)

  • Kai Zhang

    (University of Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Tao Zhang

    (Argonne National Laboratory)

  • Chaowei Li

    (University of Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Haixia Ma

    (Northwest University)

  • Jia Zhu

    (Nanjing University)

  • Paul V. Braun

    (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)

  • Jun Lu

    (Argonne National Laboratory)

  • Huigang Zhang

    (Nanjing University)

Abstract

Lithium metal anodes hold great promise to enable high-energy battery systems. However, lithium dendrites at the interface between anode and separator pose risks of short circuits and fire, impeding the safe application. In contrast to conventional approaches of suppressing dendrites, here we show a deposition-regulating strategy by electrically passivating the top of a porous nickel scaffold and chemically activating the bottom of the scaffold to form conductivity/lithiophilicity gradients, whereby lithium is guided to deposit preferentially at the bottom of the anode, safely away from the separator. The resulting lithium anodes significantly reduce the probability of dendrite-induced short circuits. Crucially, excellent properties are also demonstrated at extremely high capacity (up to 40 mAh cm−2), high current density, and/or low temperatures (down to −15 °C), which readily induce dendrite shorts in particular. This facile and viable deposition-regulating strategy provides an approach to preferentially deposit lithium in safer positions, enabling a promising anode for next-generation lithium batteries.

Suggested Citation

  • Jun Pu & Jiachen Li & Kai Zhang & Tao Zhang & Chaowei Li & Haixia Ma & Jia Zhu & Paul V. Braun & Jun Lu & Huigang Zhang, 2019. "Conductivity and lithiophilicity gradients guide lithium deposition to mitigate short circuits," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 10(1), pages 1-10, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:10:y:2019:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-019-09932-1
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09932-1
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    Cited by:

    1. Qinghe Cao & Yong Gao & Jie Pu & Xin Zhao & Yuxuan Wang & Jipeng Chen & Cao Guan, 2023. "Gradient design of imprinted anode for stable Zn-ion batteries," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-11, December.
    2. Bandara, T.G. Thusitha Asela & Viera, J.C. & González, M., 2022. "The next generation of fast charging methods for Lithium-ion batteries: The natural current-absorption methods," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).

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