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Age-specific differences in the dynamics of protective immunity to influenza

Author

Listed:
  • Sylvia Ranjeva

    (University of Chicago)

  • Rahul Subramanian

    (University of Chicago)

  • Vicky J. Fang

    (The University of Hong Kong, Patrick Manson Building)

  • Gabriel M. Leung

    (The University of Hong Kong, Patrick Manson Building)

  • Dennis K. M. Ip

    (The University of Hong Kong, Patrick Manson Building)

  • Ranawaka A. P. M. Perera

    (The University of Hong Kong, Patrick Manson Building)

  • J. S. Malik Peiris

    (The University of Hong Kong, Patrick Manson Building)

  • Benjamin J. Cowling

    (The University of Hong Kong, Patrick Manson Building)

  • Sarah Cobey

    (University of Chicago)

Abstract

Influenza A viruses evolve rapidly to escape host immunity, causing reinfection. The form and duration of protection after each influenza virus infection are poorly understood. We quantify the dynamics of protective immunity by fitting individual-level mechanistic models to longitudinal serology from children and adults. We find that most protection in children but not adults correlates with antibody titers to the hemagglutinin surface protein. Protection against circulating strains wanes to half of peak levels 3.5–7 years after infection in both age groups, and wanes faster against influenza A(H3N2) than A(H1N1)pdm09. Protection against H3N2 lasts longer in adults than in children. Our results suggest that influenza antibody responses shift focus with age from the mutable hemagglutinin head to other epitopes, consistent with the theory of original antigenic sin, and might affect protection. Imprinting, or primary infection with a subtype, has modest to no effect on the risk of non-medically attended infections in adults.

Suggested Citation

  • Sylvia Ranjeva & Rahul Subramanian & Vicky J. Fang & Gabriel M. Leung & Dennis K. M. Ip & Ranawaka A. P. M. Perera & J. S. Malik Peiris & Benjamin J. Cowling & Sarah Cobey, 2019. "Age-specific differences in the dynamics of protective immunity to influenza," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 10(1), pages 1-11, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:10:y:2019:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-019-09652-6
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09652-6
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    Cited by:

    1. Hodgson, David & Hay, James & Kucharski, Adam J., 2024. "Modelling serological data using reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo," OSF Preprints cpd7j, Center for Open Science.
    2. Simon P. J. Jong & Zandra C. Felix Garza & Joseph C. Gibson & Sarah Leeuwen & Robert P. Vries & Geert-Jan Boons & Marliek Hoesel & Karen Haan & Laura E. Groeningen & Katina D. Hulme & Hugo D. G. Willi, 2024. "Determinants of epidemic size and the impacts of lulls in seasonal influenza virus circulation," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-11, December.

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