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Extreme slow growth as alternative strategy to survive deep starvation in bacteria

Author

Listed:
  • Declan A. Gray

    (Newcastle University)

  • Gaurav Dugar

    (University of Amsterdam)

  • Pamela Gamba

    (Newcastle University)

  • Henrik Strahl

    (Newcastle University)

  • Martijs J. Jonker

    (University of Amsterdam)

  • Leendert W. Hamoen

    (University of Amsterdam)

Abstract

Bacteria can become dormant or form spores when they are starved for nutrients. Here, we find that non-sporulating Bacillus subtilis cells can survive deep starvation conditions for many months. During this period, cells adopt an almost coccoid shape and become tolerant to antibiotics. Unexpectedly, these cells appear to be metabolically active and show a transcriptome profile very different from that of stationary phase cells. We show that these starved cells are not dormant but are growing and dividing, albeit with a doubling time close to 4 days. Very low nutrient levels, comparable to 10,000-fold diluted lysogeny broth (LB), are sufficient to sustain this growth. This extreme slow growth, which we propose to call ‘oligotrophic growth state’, provides an alternative strategy for B. subtilis to endure nutrient depletion and environmental stresses. Further work is warranted to test whether this state can be found in other bacterial species to survive deep starvation conditions.

Suggested Citation

  • Declan A. Gray & Gaurav Dugar & Pamela Gamba & Henrik Strahl & Martijs J. Jonker & Leendert W. Hamoen, 2019. "Extreme slow growth as alternative strategy to survive deep starvation in bacteria," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 10(1), pages 1-12, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:10:y:2019:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-019-08719-8
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08719-8
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    Cited by:

    1. M Sreepadmanabh & Meenakshi Ganesh & Pratibha Sanjenbam & Christina Kurzthaler & Deepa Agashe & Tapomoy Bhattacharjee, 2024. "Cell shape affects bacterial colony growth under physical confinement," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-13, December.
    2. Manlu Zhu & Xiongfeng Dai, 2024. "Shaping of microbial phenotypes by trade-offs," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-13, December.
    3. Wen Wei & Wei-Chin Ho & Megan G. Behringer & Samuel F. Miller & George Bcharah & Michael Lynch, 2022. "Rapid evolution of mutation rate and spectrum in response to environmental and population-genetic challenges," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-10, December.
    4. Declan A. Gray & Biwen Wang & Margareth Sidarta & Fabián A. Cornejo & Jurian Wijnheijmer & Rupa Rani & Pamela Gamba & Kürşad Turgay & Michaela Wenzel & Henrik Strahl & Leendert W. Hamoen, 2024. "Membrane depolarization kills dormant Bacillus subtilis cells by generating a lethal dose of ROS," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-13, December.

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