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Gender quotas increase the equality and effectiveness of climate policy interventions

Author

Listed:
  • Nathan J. Cook

    (University of Colorado)

  • Tara Grillos

    (Purdue University)

  • Krister P. Andersson

    (University of Colorado)

Abstract

Interventions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions strive to promote gender balance so that men and women have equal rights to participate in, and benefit from, decision-making about such interventions. One conventional way to achieve gender balance is to introduce gender quotas. Here we show that gender quotas make interventions more effective and lead to more equal sharing of intervention benefits. We conducted a randomized ‘lab’-in-the-field experiment in which 440 forest users from Indonesia, Peru and Tanzania made decisions about extraction and conservation in a forest common. We randomly assigned a gender quota to half of the participating groups, requiring that at least 50% of group members were women. Groups with the gender quota conserved more trees as a response to a ‘payment for ecosystem services’ intervention and shared the payment more equally. We attribute this effect to the gender composition of the group, not the presence of female leaders.

Suggested Citation

  • Nathan J. Cook & Tara Grillos & Krister P. Andersson, 2019. "Gender quotas increase the equality and effectiveness of climate policy interventions," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 9(4), pages 330-334, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcli:v:9:y:2019:i:4:d:10.1038_s41558-019-0438-4
    DOI: 10.1038/s41558-019-0438-4
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    Cited by:

    1. Clot, Sophie & Grolleau, Gilles & Ibanez, Lisette, 2022. "A reference point bias in judging cheaters," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    2. Hannah, Corrie & Giroux, Stacey & Krell, Natasha & Lopus, Sara & McCann, Laura E. & Zimmer, Andrew & Caylor, Kelly K. & Evans, Tom P., 2021. "Has the vision of a gender quota rule been realized for community-based water management committees in Kenya?," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    3. AMANDA Sabila Tia & GUNAWAN Nabila Anggun & PUTRI Ifani Heriyanto & SAADAH Kamalah, 2024. "Carbon Emissions Disclosure In Indonesia: The Impact Of Institutional Ownership," Management of Sustainable Development, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Faculty of Economic Sciences, vol. 16(1), pages 45-57, June.
    4. Loft, Lasse & Gehrig, Stefan & Le, Dung Ngoc & Rommel, Jens, 2019. "Effectiveness and equity of Payments for Ecosystem Services: Real-effort experiments with Vietnamese land users," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 218-228.
    5. Shiran Li & Hongbing Deng & Kangkang Zhang, 2019. "The Impact of Economy on Carbon Emissions: An Empirical Study Based on the Synergistic Effect of Gender Factors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-16, October.
    6. Roggenkamp, Hauke C., 2024. "Revisiting ‘Growth and Inequality in Public Good Provision’—Reproducing and Generalizing Through Inconvenient Online Experimentation," OSF Preprints 6rn97, Center for Open Science.
    7. Eegunjobi, Ruth, 2023. "Seafood Export Performance Effects of Industrial Upgrading: Evidence from Namibia’s Industrial Policy," African Journal of Economic Review, African Journal of Economic Review, vol. 11(4), September.
    8. Grillos, Tara & Bottazzi, Patrick & Crespo, David & Asquith, Nigel & Jones, Julia P.G., 2019. "In-kind conservation payments crowd in environmental values and increase support for government intervention: A randomized trial in Bolivia," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 1-1.
    9. Kerstin Mohr, 2021. "Breaking the Dichotomies: Climate, Coal, and Gender. Paving the Way to a Just Transition. The Example of Colombia," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-18, September.
    10. Panchali Guha, 2023. "School committee composition: Exploring the role of parental and female representation in India," Development Policy Review, Overseas Development Institute, vol. 41(3), May.
    11. Marion Borderon & Kelsea B. Best & Karen Bailey & Doug L. Hopping & Mackenzie Dove & Chelsea L. Cervantes de Blois, 2021. "The risks of invisibilization of populations and places in environment-migration research," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 8(1), pages 1-11, December.
    12. Masuda, Yuta J. & Waterfield, Gina & Castilla, Carolina & Kang, Shiteng & Zhang, Wei, 2022. "Does balancing gender composition lead to more prosocial outcomes? Experimental evidence of equality in public goods and extraction games from rural Kenya," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    13. Marian Woźniak & Krzysztof Kud & Aleksandra Badora & Leszek Woźniak, 2022. "Electricity Production and Consumption Perspectives in the Opinion of the Youth of South-Eastern Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-20, June.
    14. May, Ann Mari & McGarvey, Mary G. & Gustafson, Christopher R. & Mieno, Taro, 2021. "Gender, environmental issues and policy: An examination of the views of male and female economists," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 182(C).
    15. Marina Kovaleva & Walter Leal Filho & Christian Borgemeister & Jokastah Wanzuu Kalungu, 2022. "Understanding Needs and Potentials for Gender-Balanced Empowerment and Leadership in Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in Africa," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-27, August.
    16. Peter Cronkleton & Kristen Evans & Thomas Addoah & Emilie Smith Dumont & Mathurin Zida & Houria Djoudi, 2021. "Using Participatory Approaches to Enhance Women’s Engagement in Natural Resource Management in Northern Ghana," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-20, June.
    17. Elias Ganivet, 2020. "Growth in human population and consumption both need to be addressed to reach an ecologically sustainable future," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 22(6), pages 4979-4998, August.

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