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Fifteen years of ocean observations with the global Argo array

Author

Listed:
  • Stephen C. Riser

    (University of Washington)

  • Howard J. Freeland

    (Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Institute of Ocean Sciences)

  • Dean Roemmich

    (Scripps Institution of Oceanography)

  • Susan Wijffels

    (Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, CSIRO)

  • Ariel Troisi

    (Servicio de Hidrografia Naval)

  • Mathieu Belbéoch

    (Joint Commission on Oceanography and Marine Meteorology Operations (JCOMMOPS))

  • Denis Gilbert

    (Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Institut Maurice-Lamontagne)

  • Jianping Xu

    (The Second Institute of Oceanography, SOA)

  • Sylvie Pouliquen

    (IFREMER, BP70)

  • Ann Thresher

    (Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, CSIRO)

  • Pierre-Yves Le Traon

    (Ifremer & Mercator Océan)

  • Guillaume Maze

    (IFREMER, BP70)

  • Birgit Klein

    (Bundesamt fuer Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie)

  • M. Ravichandran

    (Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services)

  • Fiona Grant

    (International Programmes, Marine Institute)

  • Pierre-Marie Poulain

    (OGS, Borgo Grotta Gigante)

  • Toshio Suga

    (JAMSTEC and Tohoku University)

  • Byunghwan Lim

    (National Institute of Meteorological Sciences/KMA)

  • Andreas Sterl

    (KNMI)

  • Philip Sutton

    (National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Reseach)

  • Kjell-Arne Mork

    (Institute of Marine Research)

  • Pedro Joaquín Vélez-Belchí

    (Instituto Español de Oceanografía)

  • Isabelle Ansorge

    (Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town)

  • Brian King

    (National Oceanography Centre)

  • Jon Turton

    (Met Office)

  • Molly Baringer

    (AOML/NOAA)

  • Steven R. Jayne

    (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution)

Abstract

More than 90% of the heat energy accumulation in the climate system between 1971 and the present has been in the ocean. Thus, the ocean plays a crucial role in determining the climate of the planet. Observing the oceans is problematic even under the most favourable of conditions. Historically, shipboard ocean sampling has left vast expanses, particularly in the Southern Ocean, unobserved for long periods of time. Within the past 15 years, with the advent of the global Argo array of profiling floats, it has become possible to sample the upper 2,000 m of the ocean globally and uniformly in space and time. The primary goal of Argo is to create a systematic global network of profiling floats that can be integrated with other elements of the Global Ocean Observing System. The network provides freely available temperature and salinity data from the upper 2,000 m of the ocean with global coverage. The data are available within 24 hours of collection for use in a broad range of applications that focus on examining climate-relevant variability on seasonal to decadal timescales, multidecadal climate change, improved initialization of coupled ocean–atmosphere climate models and constraining ocean analysis and forecasting systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Stephen C. Riser & Howard J. Freeland & Dean Roemmich & Susan Wijffels & Ariel Troisi & Mathieu Belbéoch & Denis Gilbert & Jianping Xu & Sylvie Pouliquen & Ann Thresher & Pierre-Yves Le Traon & Guilla, 2016. "Fifteen years of ocean observations with the global Argo array," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 6(2), pages 145-153, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcli:v:6:y:2016:i:2:d:10.1038_nclimate2872
    DOI: 10.1038/nclimate2872
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    Cited by:

    1. Fenzhen Su & Rong Fan & Fengqin Yan & Michael Meadows & Vincent Lyne & Po Hu & Xiangzhou Song & Tianyu Zhang & Zenghong Liu & Chenghu Zhou & Tao Pei & Xiaomei Yang & Yunyan Du & Zexun Wei & Fan Wang &, 2023. "Widespread global disparities between modelled and observed mid-depth ocean currents," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-9, December.
    2. Andrea Storto & Chunxue Yang, 2024. "Acceleration of the ocean warming from 1961 to 2022 unveiled by large-ensemble reanalyses," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-11, December.
    3. Hailin Wang & Bo Qiu & Hanrui Liu & Zhengguang Zhang, 2023. "Doubling of surface oceanic meridional heat transport by non-symmetry of mesoscale eddies," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-10, December.
    4. Carsten Bjerre Ludwigsen & Ole Baltazar Andersen & Ben Marzeion & Jan-Hendrik Malles & Hannes Müller Schmied & Petra Döll & Christopher Watson & Matt A. King, 2024. "Global and regional ocean mass budget closure since 2003," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-10, December.
    5. Regis Kalaydjian, 2020. "Assessing economic impacts of environmental research infrastructures: overview of methodological tools," Post-Print hal-02512315, HAL.
    6. Sayed Saad Afzal & Waleed Akbar & Osvy Rodriguez & Mario Doumet & Unsoo Ha & Reza Ghaffarivardavagh & Fadel Adib, 2022. "Battery-free wireless imaging of underwater environments," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-9, December.

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