Supply Chain Resilience in Hydrogen Valleys: Addressing Challenges and Opportunities in Green Hydrogen Ecosystems

The transition to sustainable energy systems is increasingly dependent on the resilience of supply chains, particularly in the emerging field of Hydrogen Valleys, which serve as integrated hubs for hydrogen production, storage, and distribution. Despite the promise of hydrogen as a clean energy carrier, supply chain disruptions and vulnerabilities pose significant challenges to large-scale implementation. This study addresses these challenges by developing a comprehensive framework of resilience indicators tailored to Hydrogen Valleys. The objective of the research is to evaluate how these energy ecosystems can withstand and adapt to external disruptions while contributing to long-term sustainability goals. To achieve this, the study employs a systematic literature review combined with an indepth analysis of key hydrogen projects. The review identified gaps in current resilience strategies and examined the application of concepts such as flexibility, redundancy, and management of risks across the hydrogen value chain. The project analysis provided practical insights into the challenges and opportunities faced in real-world applications of hydrogen infrastructure. The findings highlight the critical role of technological innovation, stakeholder collaboration, and regulatory consistency in enhancing supply chain resilience. The study demonstrates that although significant progress has been made in hydrogen production technologies, unresolved financial and regulatory barriers continue to hinder the scalability of Hydrogen Valleys. This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on energy resilience by offering a structured approach for evaluating and strengthening the resilience of hydrogen supply chains and provides actionable recommendations for policymakers and industry leaders aiming to foster sustainable energy transitions.