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The Effect of Outward Foreign Direct Investment on Home-Country Employment in a Low-Cost Transition Economy

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  • Jaan Masso
  • Urmas Varblane
  • Priit Vahter

Abstract

The current extensive literature on the home-country employment effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) focuses almost exclusively on investments from high-income and high labor-cost home countries. Our paper analyzes the home-country employment effect in Estonia as a low-cost, medium-income transition economy. The data from the population of Estonian firms between 1995 and 2002 are studied with regression analysis and propensity score matching to construct an appropriate counterfactual for firms that have invested abroad. Our results imply that the logic of the outward investments from low-cost transition and developing economies differs from that of high-income countries. The results indicate that in general, outward FDI positively affects home-country employment growth. Direct investors (domestic firms investing abroad) have a stronger home-country employment effect than do indirect investors (foreign-owned firms investing abroad) due to their smaller preinvestment size and because the subsidiaries of indirect investors are served from other locations rather than from Estonia. The positive employment effect is much stronger for investments made after 1999 due to the better macroeconomic performance of Estonia from 2000 onward. Services firms demonstrate a stronger home-country employment effect than do manufacturing firms.

Suggested Citation

  • Jaan Masso & Urmas Varblane & Priit Vahter, 2008. "The Effect of Outward Foreign Direct Investment on Home-Country Employment in a Low-Cost Transition Economy," Eastern European Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 46(6), pages 25-59, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:mes:eaeuec:v:46:y:2008:i:6:p:25-59
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Oscar Bajo-Rubio & Carmen D Mora, 2015. "On the employment effects of outward FDI: the case of Spain, 1995-2011," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 47(21), pages 2127-2141, May.
    2. Hea-Jung Hyun & Yong Joon Jang, 2015. "Comparative Advantage, Outward Foreign Direct Investment and Average Industry Productivity: Theory and Evidence," Korean Economic Review, Korean Economic Association, vol. 31, pages 327-357.
    3. MATSUURA Toshiyuki, 2015. "Impact of Extensive and Intensive Margins of FDI on Corporate Domestic Performance: Evidence from Japanese automobile parts suppliers," Discussion papers 15032, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
    4. Ivo Karilaid & Tõnn Talpsepp, 2010. "Can policy improve liquidity during a financial crisis?," Baltic Journal of Economics, Baltic International Centre for Economic Policy Studies, vol. 10(2), pages 5-26, December.
    5. Riccardo Crescenzi & Roberto Ganau & Michael Storper, 2022. "Does foreign investment hurt job creation at home? The geography of outward FDI and employment in the USA," Journal of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, vol. 22(1), pages 53-79.
    6. Altuzarra, Amaia & Bustillo, Ricardo & Rodríguez, Carlos, 2018. "Much ado about nothing: No fear of becoming a multinational," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 27(1), pages 56-65.
    7. Lee, In Hyeock (Ian) & Hong, Eunsuk & Makino, Shige, 2020. "The effect of non-conventional outbound foreign direct investment (FDI) on the domestic employment of multinational enterprises (MNEs)," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 29(3).
    8. Ipsmiller, Edith & Dikova, Desislava, 2021. "Internationalization from Central and Eastern Europe: A systematic literature review," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 27(4).
    9. Eduardo Saucedo & Teofilo Ozuna & Hector Zamora, 2020. "The effect of FDI on low and high-skilled employment and wages in Mexico: a study for the manufacture and service sectors," Journal for Labour Market Research, Springer;Institute for Employment Research/ Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), vol. 54(1), pages 1-15, December.
    10. Kenichi SHIMAMOTO, 2018. "Firms' Enironmental Performance And Regional Residents," Regional Science Inquiry, Hellenic Association of Regional Scientists, vol. 0(2), pages 77-86, July.
    11. Hayakawa, Kazunobu & Matsuura, Toshiyuki & Motohashi, Kazuyuki & Obashi, Ayako, 2013. "Two-dimensional analysis of the impact of outward FDI on performance at home: Evidence from Japanese manufacturing firms," Japan and the World Economy, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 25-33.
    12. Kazunobu Hayakawa & Toshiyuki Matsuura & Kazuyuki Motohashi, 2016. "How Does FDI Affect Productivity at Home?: Evidence from a Plant-Level Analysis," Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, Springer, vol. 16(4), pages 403-422, December.
    13. P.L. Beena, 2019. "Outward FDI and Crossborder M&As by Indian Firms: A Host Country-Level Analysis," Working Papers id:12993, eSocialSciences.
    14. Ludo Cuyvers & Reth Soeng, 2011. "The effects of Belgian outward direct investment in European high‐wage and low‐wage countries on employment in Belgium," International Journal of Manpower, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 32(3), pages 300-312, June.
    15. Andreff, Wladimir & Andreff, Madeleine, 2017. "Multinational companies from transition economies and their outward foreign direct investment," Russian Journal of Economics, Elsevier, vol. 3(4), pages 445-474.
    16. Dierk Herzer, 2010. "The Long-Run Relationship between Outward FDI and Total Factor Productivity: Evidence for Developing Countries," Ibero America Institute for Econ. Research (IAI) Discussion Papers 199, Ibero-America Institute for Economic Research.
    17. Yang Ruilin & Bathelt Harald, 2023. "How outward FDIs affect income: experiences from Chinese city-regions," ZFW – Advances in Economic Geography, De Gruyter, vol. 67(1), pages 47-64, May.

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