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Munkahelyteremtés és foglalkoztatás
[Job creation and employment]

Author

Listed:
  • Major, Klára
  • Tétényi, Tamás

Abstract

A gazdaságfejlesztési programok általában a foglalkoztatás növelésének útjaként a munkahelyteremtést jelölik meg, pedig az csak egy a gazdaságpolitika transzmissziós csatornái közül. A szerzők munkapiaci térökonometriai modelljük keretei között - az elmúlt húsz év tényadataira és egy makrogazdasági prognózisra támaszkodva - azt vizsgálják, hogy milyen kapcsolat áll fenn a gazdaság munkaerőigénye és a foglalkoztatás között, mekkorák a munkahelyteremtés foglalkoztatási hatásai és lehetőségei. Területi összefüggések szerint, kistérségi paneladatokon identifikált modelljük a munkahelyteremtés szignifikáns, de enyhe hatását jelzi. Nagyságrenddel fontosabb tényező a munkaerő foglalkoztathatósága és a makrogazdasági konjunktúra. Az elemzések azt mutatják, hogy a munkahelyteremtéssel létrehozott munkahelyeknek csak kis része (többnyire kevesebb mint egytizede) növeli tartósan a foglalkoztatást, és azok többsége sem feltétlenül helyben, hanem adott esetben a fejlesztéssel szomszédos, olyan kistérségekben növeli a foglalkoztatást, ahol nagyobb a munkaerő-felesleg. A munkaerőpiacok - a nagyvárosok és kiemelkedően Budapest térségének kivételével - a foglalkoztatható munkaerő szűkösségét mutatják, és ezt a támogatások felfutása tovább erősíti. Az országos munkahely-teremtési programok foglalkoztatási kilátásai az évtized közepén kevéssé biztatók, ebben az időszakban célszerűbb a fejlesztéspolitika foglalkoztatási céljának eléréséhez a többi csatorna használata. Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: C23, R15, R23.

Suggested Citation

  • Major, Klára & Tétényi, Tamás, 2013. "Munkahelyteremtés és foglalkoztatás [Job creation and employment]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(9), pages 965-991.
    • Handle: RePEc:ksa:szemle:1411
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Manfred M. Fischer & Arthur Getis (ed.), 2010. "Handbook of Applied Spatial Analysis," Springer Books, Springer, number 978-3-642-03647-7, June.
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • C23 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • R15 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Econometric and Input-Output Models; Other Methods
    • R23 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis - - - Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population

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