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Where Angels Fear to Tread: Internationalization of Emerging Country SMEs

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  • Sonia Ketkar
  • Zoltan Acs

Abstract

Based on institutional theory and risk perspectives, this study examines how the entrepreneurial orientation of firms as determined by national cultural factors is related to the internationalization of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) from emerging and developing countries. We also suggest that institutional improvements can have a moderating effect on the relationship between culture and internationalization. We develop a unique measure of internationalization and test it on a sample of 7,212 SMEs from 36 developing countries using a multilevel linear hierarchical model that allows us to examine both firm- and country-level effects. We find that developed institutions support the internationalization of SMEs from more masculine and individualistic cultures. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013

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  • Sonia Ketkar & Zoltan Acs, 2013. "Where Angels Fear to Tread: Internationalization of Emerging Country SMEs," Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 11(3), pages 201-219, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:jinten:v:11:y:2013:i:3:p:201-219
    DOI: 10.1007/s10843-013-0107-z
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    1. Martineau, Charles & Pastoriza, David, 2016. "International involvement of established SMEs: A systematic review of antecedents, outcomes and moderators," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 25(2), pages 458-470.
    2. Darshana Mudalige & Noor Azizi Ismail & Marlin Abdul Malek, 2019. "Exploring the Role of Individual Level and Firm Level Dynamic Capabilities in SMEs’ Internationalization," Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 17(1), pages 41-74, March.
    3. Estrin, Saul & Nielsen, Bo B. & Nielsen, Sabina, 2017. "Emerging Market Multinational Companies and Internationalization: The Role of Home Country Urbanization," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 23(3), pages 326-339.
    4. Stojčić, Nebojša & Dabić, Marina & Musteen, Martina, 2024. "With a little help from my friends: Institutional obstacles, networking, and SME exporting in emerging European and Asian economies," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 33(3).
    5. Croce, Annalisa & Schwienbacher, Armin & Ughetto, Elisa, 2023. "Internationalization of business angel investments: The role of investor experience," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 32(1).
    6. Estrin, Saul & Nielsen, Bo B. & Nielsen, Sabina, 2017. "Emerging market multinational companies and internationalization: the role of home country urbanization," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 68350, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.

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