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IMF-Induced Structural Adjustment Programs and Women in Ecuador

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  • Yassaman Saadatmand
  • Michael Toma

Abstract

This study examines the affect of IMF-induced structural adjustment programs on several key indicators regarding the status of women in Ecuador. In particular, we focus on the evolution of female primary and secondary school enrollment and female labor force participation in time series data from 1987 to 2003. The analysis is conducted using ordinary least squares regression with corrections for heteroscedasticity. The findings suggest that structural adjustment programs reduced female enrollment in primary and secondary schools and caused a reduction in the reported female labor force participation rate. Copyright International Atlantic Economic Society 2008

Suggested Citation

  • Yassaman Saadatmand & Michael Toma, 2008. "IMF-Induced Structural Adjustment Programs and Women in Ecuador," International Advances in Economic Research, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 14(2), pages 181-190, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:iaecre:v:14:y:2008:i:2:p:181-190:10.1007/s11294-008-9147-x
    DOI: 10.1007/s11294-008-9147-x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Newey, Whitney & West, Kenneth, 2014. "A simple, positive semi-definite, heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation consistent covariance matrix," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 33(1), pages 125-132.
    2. Cagatay, Nilufer & Ozler, Sule, 1995. "Feminization of the labor force: The effects of long-term development and structural adjustment," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 23(11), pages 1883-1894, November.
    3. Constance Newman, 2002. "Gender, Time Use, and Change: The Impact of the Cut Flower Industry in Ecuador," The World Bank Economic Review, World Bank, vol. 16(3), pages 375-395, December.
    4. Rose, Pauline, 1995. "Female education and adjustment programs: A crosscountry statistical analysis," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 23(11), pages 1931-1949, November.
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    Cited by:

    1. Mansell Wade & Openshaw Karen, 2009. "Suturing the Open Veins of Ecuador: Debt, Default and Democracy," The Law and Development Review, De Gruyter, vol. 2(1), pages 151-191, September.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Ecuador; International Monetary Fund; Structural adjustment programs; Women; Primary education; Secondary education; Labor markets; I00; O50;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I00 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - General - - - General
    • O50 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - General

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