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Densities Rather than Shares: Improving the Measurement of Congestion in Recreation Demand Models

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  • Angel Bujosa
  • Antoni Riera
  • Robert Hicks
  • Kenneth McConnell

Abstract

While economists have successfully addressed the endogeneity of congestion in revealed preference approaches, little attention has been devoted to measuring congestion. In fact, most applications measure congestion as a simple count of users or, at best, consider the shares of users, defined as the proportion of people visiting a site during the course of the season. However, only when all sites have a similar size or length and the total number of visitors is constant over time, can these measures be used as a proxy for congestion. In general, these assumptions are unrealistic. In this paper we examine site density measures rather than participation shares as a measure of congestion. We show that endogeneity problems can be addressed using a control function approach and demonstrate that the density of users leads to more statistically significant coefficients of congestion. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2015

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  • Angel Bujosa & Antoni Riera & Robert Hicks & Kenneth McConnell, 2015. "Densities Rather than Shares: Improving the Measurement of Congestion in Recreation Demand Models," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 61(2), pages 127-140, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:enreec:v:61:y:2015:i:2:p:127-140
    DOI: 10.1007/s10640-014-9785-9
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Dundas, Steven J. & von Haefen, Roger H. & Mansfield, Carol, 2016. "Costs of Endangered Species Protection on Public Lands: Evidence from Cape Hatteras National Seashore," CEnREP Working Papers 264978, North Carolina State University, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics.
    3. Stebbings, Emily & Hooper, Tara & Austen, Melanie C. & Papathanasopoulou, Eleni & Yan, Xiaoyu, 2021. "Accounting for benefits from natural capital: Applying a novel composite indicator framework to the marine environment," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).

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