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Income redistribution through taxation – how deductions undermine the effect of taxes

Author

Listed:
  • Oliver Hümbelin

    (Bern University of Applied Sciences)

  • Rudolf Farys

    (University of Bern)

Abstract

This paper shows the potential of administrative data to grant us a more complete picture of the redistributive effects of the visible (tax rates) and hidden (tax deductions) instruments of the fiscal welfare state. Based on administrative tax data from a large Swiss canton, we apply a gini-based redistributive effect decomposition to demonstrate how several taxes and deductions impact the post-tax income distribution. We show that tax deductions drastically reduce the redistributive effect of taxes because lump sum deductions in a progressive tax system lead to greater tax relief for higher income earners. Moreover, high income earners have additional options to claim deductions such as real-estate expenses or extra-mandatory payments to the pension scheme. Comparison over time furthermore shows that the role of deductions for real-estate expenses decreased. All in all, because deductions reduce the redistributive effect of taxes, they lead to higher post tax income inequality compared to a hypothetical system without deducations. The redistrubtive effect of the tax system should therefore be studied, not only with respect to tax rates, but also with respect to deductions.

Suggested Citation

  • Oliver Hümbelin & Rudolf Farys, 2017. "Income redistribution through taxation – how deductions undermine the effect of taxes," Journal of Income Distribution, Ad libros publications inc., vol. 25(1), pages 1-35, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:jid:journl:y:2017:v:25:i:1:p:1-35
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Senia Nhamo & Edinah Mudimu, 2020. "Shifting from deductions to credits: Unpacking the distributional effects of medical expenditure considerations in South Africa," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2020-30, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Redistribution effects; tax deductions; direct taxes; tax competition; Switzerland;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D31 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution
    • D6 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics
    • H23 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
    • H24 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies

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