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The Schelling Model of Ethnic Residential Dynamics: Beyond the Integrated - Segregated Dichotomy of Patterns

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Abstract

The Schelling model of segregation is an agent-based model that illustrates how individual tendencies regarding neighbors can lead to segregation. The model is especially useful for the study of residential segregation of ethnic groups where agents represent householders who relocate in the city. In the model, each agent belongs to one of two groups and aims to reside within a neighborhood where the fraction of 'friends' is sufficiently high: above a predefined tolerance threshold value F. It is known that depending on F, for groups of equal size, Schelling's residential pattern converges to either complete integration (a random-like pattern) or segregation. The study of high-resolution ethnic residential patterns of Israeli cities reveals that reality is more complicated than this simple integration-segregation dichotomy: some neighborhoods are ethnically homogeneous while others are populated by both groups in varying ratios. In this study, we explore whether the Schelling model can reproduce such patterns. We investigate the model's dynamics in terms of dependence on group-specific tolerance thresholds and on the ratio of the size of the two groups. We reveal new type of model pattern in which a portion of one group segregates while another portion remains integrated with the second group. We compare the characteristics of these new patterns to the pattern of real cities and discuss the differences.

Suggested Citation

  • Erez Hatna & Itzhak Benenson, 2012. "The Schelling Model of Ethnic Residential Dynamics: Beyond the Integrated - Segregated Dichotomy of Patterns," Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, vol. 15(1), pages 1-6.
    • Handle: RePEc:jas:jasssj:2010-101-2
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    2. Roy Cerqueti & Luca De Benedictis & Valerio Leone Sciabolazza, 2022. "Segregation with social linkages: Evaluating Schelling’s model with networked individuals," Metroeconomica, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 73(2), pages 384-440, May.
    3. Nicolás E. Amado & Marcos E. Gaudiano & Jorge A. Revelli, 2024. "Hidden quantization phenomenon in the sznajd model with initial structure," The European Physical Journal B: Condensed Matter and Complex Systems, Springer;EDP Sciences, vol. 97(10), pages 1-11, October.
    4. Qingxu Huang & Dawn C Parker & Tatiana Filatova & Shipeng Sun, 2014. "A Review of Urban Residential Choice Models Using Agent-Based Modeling," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 41(4), pages 661-689, August.
    5. Stepinski, Tomasz F. & Dmowska, Anna, 2020. "Complexity in patterns of racial segregation," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).
    6. Edmund Chattoe-Brown, 2014. "Using Agent Based Modelling to Integrate Data on Attitude Change," Sociological Research Online, , vol. 19(1), pages 159-174, February.
    7. Gaudiano, Marcos E. & Revelli, Jorge A., 2022. "On the role of structured initial conditions in the Schelling model," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 587(C).
    8. Theordoros Panagiotakopoulos & George-Rafael Domenikos & Alexander V. Mantzaris, 2022. "Exploring Simulated Residential Spending Dynamics in Relation to Income Equality with the Entropy Trace of the Schelling Model," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(18), pages 1-13, September.
    9. Bruno Adolfo Buffa & Damián Knopoff & Germán Torres, 2020. "Parameter Estimation and Measurement of Social Inequality in a Kinetic Model for Wealth Distribution," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 8(5), pages 1-21, May.
    10. Liliana Perez & Suzana Dragicevic & Jonathan Gaudreau, 2019. "A geospatial agent-based model of the spatial urban dynamics of immigrant population: A study of the island of Montreal, Canada," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(7), pages 1-23, July.
    11. Clémentine Cottineau, 2022. "Modéliser les inégalités dans l’espace géographique," Post-Print halshs-03801388, HAL.
    12. Edmund Chattoe-Brown, 2013. "Why Sociology Should Use Agent Based Modelling," Sociological Research Online, , vol. 18(3), pages 31-41, August.
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