This research discusses the causal relationship among the exchange rates, 10-year bond yields, and Central Bank policy rates with regard to the countries known as the Fragile Five (F5) by comparing them to global indicators such as gold, Bitcoin price, and the Volatility Index (VIX). The study takes into consideration the bond yields, exchange rates, and interest rates of Türkiye, India, Indonesia, South Africa and Brazil in terms of their causal relationship with one another. The study also identifies some causal relationships among gold, bitcoin, and VIX with each other as global indicators by using the Toda Yamamoto approach to the Granger causality test. This study has arrived at the conclusion that a causal relationship exists between exchange rates and interest rates for Türkiye, Indonesia, and South Africa but not for Brazil or India. VIX is the most significant variable, as it is affected by seven different variables, including policy rates and different exchange rates. In addition, none of the variables are seen to Granger cause bitcoin’s price
Author
Abstract
Suggested Citation
DOI: 10.26650/ekoist.2023.39.1271842
Download full text from publisher
References listed on IDEAS
- Dirk G. Baur & Brian M. Lucey, 2010.
"Is Gold a Hedge or a Safe Haven? An Analysis of Stocks, Bonds and Gold,"
The Financial Review, Eastern Finance Association, vol. 45(2), pages 217-229, May.
- Dirk G. Baur & Brian M. Lucey, 2007. "Is Gold a Hedge or a Safe Haven? An Analysis of Stocks, Bonds and Gold," The Institute for International Integration Studies Discussion Paper Series iiisdp198, IIIS.
- Yildirim, Zekeriya, 2016. "Global financial conditions and asset markets: Evidence from fragile emerging economies," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 208-220.
- Zivot, Eric & Andrews, Donald W K, 2002.
"Further Evidence on the Great Crash, the Oil-Price Shock, and the Unit-Root Hypothesis,"
Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 20(1), pages 25-44, January.
- Zivot, Eric & Andrews, Donald W K, 1992. "Further Evidence on the Great Crash, the Oil-Price Shock, and the Unit-Root Hypothesis," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 10(3), pages 251-270, July.
- Eric Zivot & Donald W.K. Andrews, 1990. "Further Evidence on the Great Crash, the Oil Price Shock, and the Unit Root Hypothesis," Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers 944, Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University.
- Tom Doan, "undated". "ZIVOT: RATS procedure to perform Zivot-Andrews Unit Root Test," Statistical Software Components RTS00236, Boston College Department of Economics.
- Anders Stensås & Magnus Frostholm Nygaard & Khine Kyaw & Sirimon Treepongkaruna, 2019. "Can Bitcoin be a diversifier, hedge or safe haven tool?," Cogent Economics & Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 7(1), pages 1593072-159, January.
- Toda, Hiro Y. & Yamamoto, Taku, 1995. "Statistical inference in vector autoregressions with possibly integrated processes," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 66(1-2), pages 225-250.
- Bouri, Elie & Molnár, Peter & Azzi, Georges & Roubaud, David & Hagfors, Lars Ivar, 2017.
"On the hedge and safe haven properties of Bitcoin: Is it really more than a diversifier?,"
Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 20(C), pages 192-198.
- Elie Bouri & Peter Molnár & Georges Azzi & David Roubaud & Lars Ivar Hagfors, 2017. "On the hedge and safe haven properties of Bitcoin: Is it really more than a diversifier?," Post-Print hal-02000697, HAL.
- Yuksel BAYRAKTAR, & Taha EGRI, & Furkan YILDIZ, 2016. "A Causal Relationship Between Oil Prices Current Account Deficit, And Economic Growth: An Empirical Analysis From Fragile Five Countries," EcoForum, "Stefan cel Mare" University of Suceava, Romania, Faculty of Economics and Public Administration - Economy, Business Administration and Tourism Department., vol. 5(Special I), pages 1-3, august.
- Hüseyin Şen & Ayşe Kaya & Savaş Kaptan & Metehan Cömert, 2020. "Interest rates, inflation, and exchange rates in fragile EMEs: A fresh look at the long-run interrelationships," The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 29(3), pages 289-318, April.
- Levent KORAP, 2008.
"Exchange Rate Determination Of Tl/Us$:A Co-Integration Approach,"
Istanbul University Econometrics and Statistics e-Journal, Department of Econometrics, Faculty of Economics, Istanbul University, vol. 7(1), pages 24-50, May.
- Levent, Korap, 2008. "Exchange rate determination of TL/US$: a co-integration approach," MPRA Paper 19659, University Library of Munich, Germany.
- Osamah Al-Khazali & Elie Bouri & David Roubaud, 2018. "The impact of positive and negative macroeconomic news surprises: Gold versus Bitcoin," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 38(1), pages 373-382.
Most related items
These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.- Khalid Khan & Jiluo Sun & Sinem Derindere Koseoglu & Ashfaq U. Rehman, 2021. "Revisiting Bitcoin Price Behavior Under Global Economic Uncertainty," SAGE Open, , vol. 11(3), pages 21582440211, August.
- Yousaf, Imran & Plakandaras, Vasilios & Bouri, Elie & Gupta, Rangan, 2023. "Hedge and safe-haven properties of FAANA against gold, US Treasury, bitcoin, and US Dollar/CHF during the pandemic period," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
- Yosra Ghabri & Luu Duc Toan Huynh & Muhammad Ali Nasir, 2024. "Volatility spillovers, hedging and safe‐havens under pandemics: All that glitters is not gold!," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 29(2), pages 1318-1344, April.
- Raifu, Isiaka Akande & Ogbonna, Ahamuefula E, 2021. "Safe-haven Effectiveness of Cryptocurrency: Evidence from Stock Markets of COVID-19 worst-hit African Countries," MPRA Paper 113139, University Library of Munich, Germany.
- Seyram Pearl Kumah & Jones Odei Mensah, 2022. "Are cryptocurrencies connected to gold? A wavelet‐based quantile‐in‐quantile approach," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(3), pages 3640-3659, July.
- Mehmet Ulug & Sayım Işık & Mehmet Mert, 2023. "The effectiveness of ultra-loose monetary policy in a high inflation economy: a time-varying causality analysis for Turkey," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 56(4), pages 2855-2887, August.
- Kaczmarek, Tomasz & Będowska-Sójka, Barbara & Grobelny, Przemysław & Perez, Katarzyna, 2022. "False Safe Haven Assets: Evidence From the Target Volatility Strategy Based on Recurrent Neural Network," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
- Mokni, Khaled & Youssef, Manel & Ajmi, Ahdi Noomen, 2022. "COVID-19 pandemic and economic policy uncertainty: The first test on the hedging and safe haven properties of cryptocurrencies," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
- Selmi, Refk & Mensi, Walid & Hammoudeh, Shawkat & Bouoiyour, Jamal, 2018.
"Is Bitcoin a hedge, a safe haven or a diversifier for oil price movements? A comparison with gold,"
Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 787-801.
- Refk Selmi & Walid Mensi & Shawkat Hammoudeh & Jamal Bouoiyour, 2018. "Is Bitcoin a hedge, a safe haven or a diversifier for oil price movements? A comparison with gold," Post-Print hal-01879667, HAL.
- Al-Nassar, Nassar S. & Boubaker, Sabri & Chaibi, Anis & Makram, Beljid, 2023. "In search of hedges and safe havens during the COVID─19 pandemic: Gold versus Bitcoin, oil, and oil uncertainty," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 318-332.
- Maurice Omane-Adjepong & Imhotep Paul Alagidede, 2020. "Dynamic Linkages and Economic Role of Leading Cryptocurrencies in an Emerging Market," Asia-Pacific Financial Markets, Springer;Japanese Association of Financial Economics and Engineering, vol. 27(4), pages 537-585, December.
- Virginie Terraza & Aslı Boru İpek & Mohammad Mahdi Rounaghi, 2024. "The nexus between the volatility of Bitcoin, gold, and American stock markets during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from VAR-DCC-EGARCH and ANN models," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 10(1), pages 1-34, December.
- Bouri, Elie & Shahzad, Syed Jawad Hussain & Roubaud, David & Kristoufek, Ladislav & Lucey, Brian, 2020. "Bitcoin, gold, and commodities as safe havens for stocks: New insight through wavelet analysis," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 156-164.
- Chkili, Walid & Ben Rejeb, Aymen & Arfaoui, Mongi, 2021. "Does bitcoin provide hedge to Islamic stock markets for pre- and during COVID-19 outbreak? A comparative analysis with gold," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
- Marei Elbadri & Eralp Bektaş, 2022. "Dynamic relationship among the bank stability, oil, and gold prices: Evidence from the Islamic banks operating in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(2), pages 2153-2168, April.
- Ihsan Erdem Kayral & Ahmed Jeribi & Sahar Loukil, 2023. "Are Bitcoin and Gold a Safe Haven during COVID-19 and the 2022 Russia–Ukraine War?," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-22, April.
- Tarchella, Salma & Khalfaoui, Rabeh & Hammoudeh, Shawkat, 2024. "The safe haven, hedging, and diversification properties of oil, gold, and cryptocurrency for the G7 equity markets: Evidence from the pre- and post-COVID-19 periods," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 67(PB).
- Syuhada, Khreshna & Hakim, Arief & Suprijanto, Djoko & Muchtadi-Alamsyah, Intan & Arbi, Lukman, 2022. "Is Tether a safe haven of safe haven amid COVID-19? An assessment against Bitcoin and oil using improved measures of risk," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
- Feng, Hao & Gao, Da & Duan, Kun & Urquhart, Andrew, 2023. "Does Bitcoin affect decomposed oil shocks differently? Evidence from a quantile-based framework," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
- Svetoslav Borisov, 2024. "Bitcoin – Hedge or Speculative Asset: Analysis of Its Role and Nature," Economic Studies journal, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences - Economic Research Institute, issue 5, pages 148-170.
More about this item
Keywords
Causality; Toda Yamamoto Analysis; Exchange Rate; Interest Rate; Bond Yield; VIX;All these keywords.
Statistics
Access and download statisticsCorrections
All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:ist:ekoist:v:0:y:2023:i:39:p:65-75. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.
If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.
If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .
If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.
For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Ertugrul YASAR (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/ifisttr.html .
Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.