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An Operating Strategy for a Commuter Bus System

Author

Listed:
  • Gérard C. Clarens

    (Ministerio de Obras Públicas, Caracas, Venezuela)

  • V. F. Hurdle

    (University of California, Berkeley, California)

Abstract

The operator of a bus system wishes to determine when and where to send each vehicle in order to minimize the sum of operating and user costs incurred in carrying commuters from a central terminal to destinations dispersed over the city and its suburbs. Application of a continuum approximation approach to this problem leads to an objective function which is a function of one unknown variable, the zone size. Analytic solutions are obtained for a number of special cases. If the problem parameters do not vary with the time of day, the optimal zone size for suburban locations is inversely proportional to the square root of the density of passenger destinations if the vehicles are filled to capacity, but to the cube root if they are not completely filled. A numerical example of this special case is used to illustrate a technique for application of the results.

Suggested Citation

  • Gérard C. Clarens & V. F. Hurdle, 1975. "An Operating Strategy for a Commuter Bus System," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 9(1), pages 1-20, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:inm:ortrsc:v:9:y:1975:i:1:p:1-20
    DOI: 10.1287/trsc.9.1.1
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    Cited by:

    1. Chandra, Shailesh & Quadrifoglio, Luca, 2013. "A model for estimating the optimal cycle length of demand responsive feeder transit services," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 1-16.
    2. Ying Zhou & Hong Kim & Paul Schonfeld & Eungcheol Kim, 2008. "Subsidies and welfare maximization tradeoffs in bus transit systems," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 42(3), pages 643-660, September.
    3. Chen, Haoyu & Gu, Weihua & Cassidy, Michael J. & Daganzo, Carlos F., 2015. "Optimal transit service atop ring-radial and grid street networks: A continuum approximation design method and comparisons," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 81(P3), pages 755-774.
    4. Sivakumaran, Karthikgeyan & Li, Yuwei & Cassidy, Michael J. & Madanat, Samer, 2010. "Cost-Saving Properties of Schedule Coordination in a Simple Trunk-and-Feeder Transit System," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt9qr8s3hx, University of California Transportation Center.
    5. Han Zheng & Junhua Chen & Xingchen Zhang & Zixian Yang, 2019. "Designing a New Shuttle Service to Meet Large-Scale Instantaneous Peak Demands for Passenger Transportation in a Metropolitan Context: A Green, Low-Cost Mass Transport Option," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(18), pages 1-28, September.
    6. Ouyang, Yanfeng & Nourbakhsh, Seyed Mohammad & Cassidy, Michael J., 2014. "Continuum approximation approach to bus network design under spatially heterogeneous demand," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 333-344.
    7. Ouyang, Yanfeng, 2007. "Design of vehicle routing zones for large-scale distribution systems," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 41(10), pages 1079-1093, December.
    8. Quadrifoglio, Luca & Li, Xiugang, 2009. "A methodology to derive the critical demand density for designing and operating feeder transit services," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 43(10), pages 922-935, December.
    9. Marcos Medina-Tapia & Francesc Robusté, 2019. "Implementation of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles in Cities Could Have Neutral Effects on the Total Travel Time Costs: Modeling and Analysis for a Circular City," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-18, January.
    10. Sivakumaran, Karthik & Li, Yuwei & Cassidy, Michael & Madanat, Samer, 2014. "Access and the choice of transit technology," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 204-221.
    11. Baita, Flavio & Ukovich, Walter & Pesenti, Raffaele & Favaretto, Daniela, 1998. "Dynamic routing-and-inventory problems: a review," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 32(8), pages 585-598, November.
    12. Fan, Wenbo & Gu, Weihua & Xu, Meng, 2024. "Optimal design of ride-pooling as on-demand feeder services," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 185(C).
    13. Daganzo, Carlos F., 2010. "Structure of competitive transit networks," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 44(4), pages 434-446, May.
    14. Ibarra-Rojas, O.J. & Delgado, F. & Giesen, R. & Muñoz, J.C., 2015. "Planning, operation, and control of bus transport systems: A literature review," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 38-75.
    15. Langevin, André & Mbaraga, Pontien & Campbell, James F., 1996. "Continuous approximation models in freight distribution: An overview," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 30(3), pages 163-188, June.

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