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Collateral Misreporting in the Residential Mortgage-Backed Security Market

Author

Listed:
  • Samuel Kruger

    (McCombs School of Business, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712)

  • Gonzalo Maturana

    (Goizueta Business School, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322)

Abstract

Securitized mortgage appraisals routinely target pre-specified valuations, 45% of purchase loan appraisals exactly equal purchase prices, and appraisals virtually never fall below purchase prices. As a result, appraisals exceed automated valuation model (AVM) valuations 60% of the time and are 5% higher than AVM valuations on average. High appraisals and indicators of appraisal targeting predict loan delinquency and residential mortgage-backed security (RMBS) losses and are priced at the loan level through higher interest rates, but have essentially no impact on RMBS pricing. Selection bias simulations and unfunded loan application appraisals indicate that high appraisals are intentional. The extent to which appraisals exceed AVM valuations varies across loan officers, mortgage brokers, and appraisers, and high appraisals are associated with more repeat business for appraisers, potentially incentivizing appraisers to inflate their appraisals.

Suggested Citation

  • Samuel Kruger & Gonzalo Maturana, 2021. "Collateral Misreporting in the Residential Mortgage-Backed Security Market," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 67(5), pages 2729-2750, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:inm:ormnsc:v:67:y:2021:i:5:p:2729-2750
    DOI: 10.1287/mnsc.2019.3569
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Reite, Endre J., 2023. "Mortgage lending valuation bias under housing price changes and loan-to-value regulations," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 58(PC).
    2. Jan K. Brueckner & James N. Conklin & N. Edward Coulson & Moussa Diop, 2023. "Default Costs and Repayment of Underwater Mortgages," CESifo Working Paper Series 10755, CESifo.
    3. James N. Conklin & N. Edward Coulson & Moussa Diop, 2023. "Distressed comps," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 51(1), pages 170-195, January.
    4. John M. Griffin & Samuel Kruger & Prateek Mahajan, 2023. "Did FinTech Lenders Facilitate PPP Fraud?," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 78(3), pages 1777-1827, June.

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