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Knowledge Maps

Author

Listed:
  • Ronald A. Howard

    (Department of Engineering-Economic Systems, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305)

Abstract

To get fragmented information out of people's heads, onto paper, and ultimately into a computer is a continually challenging problem. We show how to use the concepts of influence diagrams to construct knowledge maps that capture the diverse information possessed by an individual or a group. We use redundant knowledge maps assessed iteratively to handle cases where the most comfortable way to assess the information does not correspond to any proper assessment order for the diagram. We use disjoint knowledge maps when the particular assessment to be made does not require a complete joint distribution. The necessary inferential calculations are readily performed in simple cases by spreadsheet programs. Knowledge maps facilitate the processes of representing knowledge and of determining its implications.

Suggested Citation

  • Ronald A. Howard, 1989. "Knowledge Maps," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 35(8), pages 903-922, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:inm:ormnsc:v:35:y:1989:i:8:p:903-922
    DOI: 10.1287/mnsc.35.8.903
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    Cited by:

    1. Norese, Maria Franca, 1995. "MACRAME: A problem formulation and model structuring assistant in multiactorial contexts," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 84(1), pages 25-34, July.
    2. van Winsen, Frankwin & de Mey, Yann & Lauwers, Ludwig & Van Passel, Steven & Vancauteren, Mark & Wauters, Erwin, 2013. "Cognitive mapping: A method to elucidate and present farmers’ risk perception," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 42-52.
    3. Bouzdine-Chameeva, Tatiana & Ferrand, Alain & Valette-Florence, Pierre & Chanavat, Nicolas, 2015. "Measurement and segmentation of sport fans using brand association networks: Application to Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) Champions League (UCL)," Sport Management Review, Elsevier, vol. 18(3), pages 407-420.
    4. Osherson, Daniel & Vardi, Moshe Y., 2006. "Aggregating disparate estimates of chance," Games and Economic Behavior, Elsevier, vol. 56(1), pages 148-173, July.

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