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Analyzing Software as a Service with Per-Transaction Charges

Author

Listed:
  • Dan Ma

    (School of Information Systems, Singapore Management University, Singapore 178902)

  • Abraham Seidmann

    (W. E. Simon Graduate School of Business Administration, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627)

Abstract

Software as a Service (SaaS) delivers a bundle of applications and services through the Web. Its on-demand feature allows users to enjoy full scalability and to handle possible demand fluctuations at no risk. In recent years, SaaS has become an appealing alternative to purchasing, installing, and maintaining modifiable off-the-shelf (MOTS) software packages. We present a game-theoretical model to study the competitive dynamics between the SaaS provider, who charges a variable per-transaction fee, and the traditional MOTS provider. We characterize the equilibrium conditions under which the two coexist in a competitive market and those under which each provider will fail and exit the market. Decreasing the lack-of-fit (or the cross-application data integration) costs of SaaS results in four structural regimes in the market. These are MOTS Dominance → Segmented Market → Competitive Market → SaaS Dominance. Based on our findings, we recommend distinct competitive strategies for each provider. We suggest that the SaaS provider should invest in reducing both its lack-of-fit costs and its per-transaction price so that it can offer increasing economies of scale. The MOTS provider, by contrast, should not resort to a price-cutting strategy; rather, it should enhance software functionality and features to deliver superior value. We further examine this problem from the software life-cycle perspective, with multiple stages over which users can depreciate the fixed costs of installing and customizing their MOTS solutions on site. We then present an analysis that characterizes the competitive outcomes when future technological developments could change the relative levels of the lack-of-fit costs. Specifically, we explain why the SaaS provider will always use a forward-looking pricing strategy: When lack-of-fit costs are expected to decrease (increase) in the future, the SaaS provider should reduce (increase) its current price. This is in contrast with the MOTS provider, who will use the forward-looking pricing strategy only when lack-of-fit costs are expected to increase. Surprisingly, when such costs are expected to decrease, the MOTS provider should ignore this expectation and use the same pricing strategy as in the benchmark with invariant lack-of-fit costs.

Suggested Citation

  • Dan Ma & Abraham Seidmann, 2015. "Analyzing Software as a Service with Per-Transaction Charges," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 26(2), pages 360-378, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:inm:orisre:v:26:y:2015:i:2:p:360-378
    DOI: 10.1287/isre.2015.0571
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Wang, Yu & Li, Minqiang & Feng, Haiyang & Feng, Nan, 2023. "Which is better for competing firms with quality increasing: behavior-based price discrimination or uniform pricing?," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 118(C).
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    9. Mingdi Xin & Arun Sundararajan, 2020. "Nonlinear Pricing of Software with Local Demand Inelasticity," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 31(4), pages 1224-1239, December.
    10. Shi Chen & Kamran Moinzadeh & Yong Tan, 2021. "Discount Schemes for the Preemptible Service of a Cloud Platform with Unutilized Capacity," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 32(3), pages 967-986, September.
    11. Zan Zhang & Guofang Nan & Minqiang Li & Yong Tan, 2022. "Competitive Entry of Information Goods Under Quality Uncertainty," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 68(4), pages 2869-2888, April.
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