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Energy Efficiency in Japan: Developments in the Business and Household Sectors, and Implications for Carbon Neutrality

Author

Listed:
  • Kosuke Aoki

    (Professor, Graduate School of Economics, University of Tokyo (E-mail: kaoki@e.u-tokyo.ac.jp))

  • Jouchi Nakajima

    (Director, Research and Statistics Department, Bank of Japan (currently, Professor, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University) (E-mail: nakajima-j@ier.hit-u.ac.jp))

  • Masato Takahashi

    (Research and Statistics Department (currently, Personnel and Corporate Affairs Department), Bank of Japan (E-mail: masato.takahashi@boj.or.jp))

  • Tomoyuki Yagi

    (Director, Research and Statistics Department, Bank of Japan (E-mail: tomoyuki.yagi@boj.or.jp))

  • Kotone Yamada

    (Research and Statistics Department (currently, Personnel and Corporate Affairs Department), Bank of Japan (E-mail: kotone.yamada@boj.or.jp))

Abstract

Recently the efforts toward decarbonization are spreading both in Japan and abroad. In this paper, we examine the developments in Japan's energy intensity, a measure of energy efficiency, and their background at the aggregate and sectoral levels. The main results are as follows. Energy efficiency in Japan improved considerably between the 1970s and the 1980s, mainly due to the progress in energy-saving technical changes in the business sector. Although the pace of improvement decelerated on the whole from the 1990s to the first half of the 2000s, Japan's energy efficiency has returned to a moderate improving trend, particularly in the household sector, in recent years. Our estimate using a simple model of the household sector shows that the recent improvement in aggregate energy efficiency may reflect households' purchases and utilization of energy-saving goods produced by the business sector. Further efforts are expected to be made in each sector to achieve carbon neutrality.

Suggested Citation

  • Kosuke Aoki & Jouchi Nakajima & Masato Takahashi & Tomoyuki Yagi & Kotone Yamada, 2023. "Energy Efficiency in Japan: Developments in the Business and Household Sectors, and Implications for Carbon Neutrality," Monetary and Economic Studies, Institute for Monetary and Economic Studies, Bank of Japan, vol. 41, pages 81-110, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:ime:imemes:v:41:y:2023:p:81-110
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Climate change; Carbon neutrality; Energy efficiency; Technical change;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E21 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Consumption; Saving; Wealth
    • E22 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Investment; Capital; Intangible Capital; Capacity
    • H23 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
    • Q54 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Climate; Natural Disasters and their Management; Global Warming

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