IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/ids/injbaf/v5y2013i1-2p159-187.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The effects of stock splits on the bid-ask spread of syndicated loans

Author

Listed:
  • Bill B. Francis
  • Iftekhar Hasan
  • Mingming Zhou

Abstract

Since the seminal article by Fama et al. (1969) that splits are associated with real economic effects, existing literature is still inconclusive on whether stock splits signal private information as the signalling hypothesis predicts. Our study is motivated by the conjecture that stock splits signal private information that affects both bondholders as well as equity holders, and we empirically examine the effect of stock splits on the bid-ask spread of the syndicated loans, which serves as a measure of information asymmetry (or opaqueness) of the borrowing firm. We find that bid-ask spread of the loans significantly decreases around the splits event, implying that splits signal private information to the market, and such signalling reduces the opaqueness of the firm.

Suggested Citation

  • Bill B. Francis & Iftekhar Hasan & Mingming Zhou, 2013. "The effects of stock splits on the bid-ask spread of syndicated loans," International Journal of Banking, Accounting and Finance, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 5(1/2), pages 159-187.
  • Handle: RePEc:ids:injbaf:v:5:y:2013:i:1/2:p:159-187
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=58092
    Download Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Wittenberg-Moerman, Regina, 2008. "The role of information asymmetry and financial reporting quality in debt trading: Evidence from the secondary loan market," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 46(2-3), pages 240-260, December.
    2. Lakonishok, Josef & Lev, Baruch, 1987. "Stock Splits and Stock Dividends: Why, Who, and When," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 42(4), pages 913-932, September.
    3. Desai, Hemang & Jain, Prem C, 1997. "Long-Run Common Stock Returns following Stock Splits and Reverse Splits," The Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 70(3), pages 409-433, July.
    4. Steve Johnson & Robert Stretcher, 2011. "News and noise: do investors react to stock split announcements differently during periods of high and low market volatility?," Journal of Economics and Finance, Springer;Academy of Economics and Finance, vol. 35(1), pages 71-78, January.
    5. Amir Sufi, 2007. "Information Asymmetry and Financing Arrangements: Evidence from Syndicated Loans," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 62(2), pages 629-668, April.
    6. Randall S. Kroszner & Philip E. Strahan, 2001. "Throwing Good Money after Bad? Board Connections and Conflicts in Bank Lending," Center for Financial Institutions Working Papers 02-12, Wharton School Center for Financial Institutions, University of Pennsylvania.
    7. Copeland, Thomas E, 1979. "Liquidity Changes Following Stock Splits," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 34(1), pages 115-141, March.
    8. Jonathan D. Jones & William W. Lang & Peter J. Nigro, 2005. "Agent Bank Behavior In Bank Loan Syndications," Journal of Financial Research, Southern Finance Association;Southwestern Finance Association, vol. 28(3), pages 385-402, September.
    9. Ohlson, James A. & Penman, Stephen H., 1985. "Volatility increases subsequent to stock splits: An empirical aberration," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 14(2), pages 251-266, June.
    10. Edward I. Altman & Amar Gande & Anthony Saunders, 2010. "Bank Debt versus Bond Debt: Evidence from Secondary Market Prices," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 42(4), pages 755-767, June.
    11. Stephen A. Ross, 1977. "The Determination of Financial Structure: The Incentive-Signalling Approach," Bell Journal of Economics, The RAND Corporation, vol. 8(1), pages 23-40, Spring.
    12. Ikenberry, David L. & Rankine, Graeme & Stice, Earl K., 1996. "What Do Stock Splits Really Signal?," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 31(3), pages 357-375, September.
    13. Bar-Yosef, Sasson & Brown, Lawrence D, 1977. "A Reexamination of Stock Splits Using Moving Betas," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 32(4), pages 1069-1080, September.
    14. repec:bla:jfinan:v:43:y:1988:i:4:p:1009-13 is not listed on IDEAS
    15. Nayak, Subhankar & Prabhala, Nagpurnanand R, 2001. "Disentangling the Dividend Information in Splits: A Decomposition Using Conditional Event-Study Methods," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 14(4), pages 1083-1116.
    16. Lipson, Marc L. & Mortal, Sandra, 2006. "The effect of stock splits on clientele: Is tick size relevant?," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 12(5), pages 878-896, December.
    17. David L. Ikenberry & Sundaresh Ramnath, 2002. "Underreaction to Self-Selected News Events: The Case of Stock Splits," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 15(2), pages 489-526, March.
    18. Fama, Eugene F, et al, 1969. "The Adjustment of Stock Prices to New Information," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 10(1), pages 1-21, February.
    19. Eckbo, B Espen & Maksimovic, Vojislav & Williams, Joseph, 1990. "Consistent Estimation of Cross-Sectional Models in Event Studies," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 3(3), pages 343-365.
    20. De Bondt, Werner F M & Thaler, Richard H, 1987. "Further Evidence on Investor Overreaction and Stock Market Seasonalit y," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 42(3), pages 557-581, July.
    21. Brown, Stephen J. & Warner, Jerold B., 1985. "Using daily stock returns : The case of event studies," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 14(1), pages 3-31, March.
    22. Gow-Cheng Huang & Kartono Liano & Ming-Shiun Pan, 2006. "Do stock splits signal future profitability?," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 26(4), pages 347-367, June.
    23. Grinblatt, Mark S. & Masulis, Ronald W. & Titman, Sheridan, 1984. "The valuation effects of stock splits and stock dividends," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 13(4), pages 461-490, December.
    24. Robert M. Conroy & Robert S. Harris, 1999. "Stock Splits and Information: The Role of Share Price," Financial Management, Financial Management Association, vol. 28(3), Fall.
    25. De Bondt, Werner F M & Thaler, Richard, 1985. "Does the Stock Market Overreact?," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 40(3), pages 793-805, July.
    26. Seha M. Tinic, 1972. "The Economics of Liquidity Services," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 86(1), pages 79-93.
    27. Brennan, Michael J. & Copeland, Thomas E., 1988. "Stock splits, stock prices, and transaction costs," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 22(1), pages 83-101, October.
    28. Conroy, Robert M & Harris, Robert S & Benet, Bruce A, 1990. "The Effects of Stock Splits on Bid-Ask Spreads," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 45(4), pages 1285-1295, September.
    29. Mukherji, Sandip & Kim, Yong H. & Walker, Michael C., 1997. "The effect of stock splits on the ownership structure of firms," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 3(2), pages 167-188, April.
    30. Amar Gande & Anthony Saunders, 2012. "Are Banks Still Special When There Is a Secondary Market for Loans?," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 67(5), pages 1649-1684, October.
    31. Brennan, Michael J & Hughes, Patricia J, 1991. "Stock Prices and the Supply of Information," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 46(5), pages 1665-1691, December.
    32. Charest, Guy, 1978. "Split information, stock returns and market efficiency-I," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 6(2-3), pages 265-296.
    33. Randall S. Kroszner & Philip E. Strahan, 2001. "Throwing Good Money After Bad? Board Connections and Conflicts in Bank Lending," NBER Working Papers 8694, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    34. Focarelli, Dario & Pozzolo, Alberto Franco & Casolaro, Luca, 2008. "The pricing effect of certification on syndicated loans," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 55(2), pages 335-349, March.
    35. Charest, Guy, 1978. "Dividend information, stock returns and market efficiency-II," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 6(2-3), pages 297-330.
    36. Dennis Murray, 1985. "Further Evidence On The Liquidity Effects Of Stock Splits And Stock Dividends," Journal of Financial Research, Southern Finance Association;Southwestern Finance Association, vol. 8(1), pages 59-68, March.
    37. Lamoureux, Christopher G & Poon, Percy, 1987. "The Market Reaction to Stock Splits," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 42(5), pages 1347-1370, December.
    38. Fama, Eugene F., 1985. "What's different about banks?," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 15(1), pages 29-39, January.
    39. Rodney D. Boehme & Bartley R. Danielsen, 2007. "Stock‐Split Post‐Announcement Returns: Underreaction or Market Friction?," The Financial Review, Eastern Finance Association, vol. 42(4), pages 485-506, November.
    40. Louis, Henock & Robinson, Dahlia, 2005. "Do managers credibly use accruals to signal private information? Evidence from the pricing of discretionary accruals around stock splits," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 39(2), pages 361-380, June.
    41. Michael Spence, 1973. "Job Market Signaling," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 87(3), pages 355-374.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Guo, Fang & Zhou, Kaiguo & Cai, Jinghan, 2008. "Stock splits, liquidity, and information asymmetry--An empirical study on Tokyo Stock Exchange," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, vol. 22(3), pages 417-438, September.
    2. Yagüe, José & Gómez-Sala, J. Carlos & Poveda-Fuentes, Francisco, 2009. "Stock split size, signaling and earnings management: Evidence from the Spanish market," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 20(1), pages 31-47.
    3. Ravi Dhar & William Goetzmann & Ning Zhu & EFA Moscow, 2004. "The Impact of Clientele Changes: Evidence from Stock Splits," Yale School of Management Working Papers ysm369, Yale School of Management, revised 01 Sep 2009.
    4. Li Eng & Joohyung Ha & Sandeep Nabar, 2014. "The impact of regulation FD on the information environment: evidence from the stock market response to stock split announcements," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 43(4), pages 829-853, November.
    5. Al-Yahyaee, Khamis Hamed, 2014. "Shareholder wealth effects of stock dividends in a unique environment," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 28(C), pages 66-81.
    6. Maretno A. Harjoto & Dongshin Kim & Indrarini Laksmana & Richard C. Walton, 2019. "Corporate social responsibility and stock split," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 53(2), pages 575-600, August.
    7. Li, Fengyu & Liu, Mark H. & Shi, Yongdong (Eric), 2017. "Institutional ownership around stock splits," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 46(PA), pages 14-40.
    8. Sunil Mohanty & Doocheol Moon, 2007. "Disentangling the signalling and liquidity effects of stock splits," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(12), pages 979-987.
    9. Maria Chiara Iannino & Sergey Zhuk, 2020. "Signaling through Timing of Stock Splits," Discussion Paper Series, School of Economics and Finance 202009, School of Economics and Finance, University of St Andrews, revised 18 Jun 2021.
    10. Bilal Ahmad Pandow & Khurshid Ahmad Butt, 2019. "Impact of Share Splits on Stock Returns: Evidences from India," Vision, , vol. 23(4), pages 432-441, December.
    11. Kalotychou, Elena & Staikouras, Sotiris K. & Zagonov, Maxim, 2009. "The UK equity market around the ex-split date," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 19(3), pages 534-549, July.
    12. Ravi Dhar & William Goetzmann & Ning Zhu & EFA Moscow, 2004. "The Impact of Clientele Changes: Evidence from Stock Splits," Yale School of Management Working Papers ysm369, Yale School of Management, revised 01 Sep 2009.
    13. Lin, Ji-Chai & Singh, Ajai K. & Yu, Wen, 2009. "Stock splits, trading continuity, and the cost of equity capital," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 93(3), pages 474-489, September.
    14. Gow-Cheng Huang & Kartono Liano & Ming-Shiun Pan, 2006. "Do stock splits signal future profitability?," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 26(4), pages 347-367, June.
    15. Jorg Bley, 2002. "Stock splits and stock return behaviour: how Germany tries to improve the attractiveness of its stock market," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 12(2), pages 85-93.
    16. Roger M. Kunz & Sandro Rosa‐Majhensek, 2008. "Stock Splits in Switzerland: To Signal or Not to Signal?," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 37(2), pages 193-226, June.
    17. Nihat Gumus & Ayse Caglayan Gumus, 2021. "Do stock splits matter for returns, volatility, and liquidity? New Evidence from Borsa Istanbul," International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478), Center for the Strategic Studies in Business and Finance, vol. 10(4), pages 467-478, June.
    18. Gow-Cheng Huang & Kartono Liano & Ming-Shiun Pan, 2011. "REIT Stock Splits and Liquidity Changes," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 43(4), pages 527-547, November.
    19. Leledakis, George N. & Papaioannou, George J. & Travlos, Nickolaos G. & Tsangarakis, Nickolaos V., 2009. "Stock splits in a neutral transaction cost environment: Evidence from the Athens Stock Exchange," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 19(1), pages 12-25, February.
    20. Pradip Banerjee & Prithviraj S. Banerjee, 2012. "Signalling Hypothesis and Clientele Shifts: Evidence from Indian Stock Splits," Global Business Review, International Management Institute, vol. 13(2), pages 297-309, June.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:ids:injbaf:v:5:y:2013:i:1/2:p:159-187. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sarah Parker (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.inderscience.com/browse/index.php?journalID=277 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.