CSR activities of a Japanese company operating in India - strong or weak sustainability: a theory testing of a Cybernetic model

The first objective of the study is to shed light on why Toyota in India achieves a high ranking in CSR ratings. We analyse this by applying the cybernetics model to Toyota's CSR activities. The second objective is to determine whether Toyota adopts a strong or weak approach to sustainability; this objective is studied using in-depth interviews and a structured questionnaire of Toyota's CSR stakeholders. The results indicate that Toyota takes a holistic approach, as opposed to a stakeholder approach, to its CSR and adopts strong sustainable business practices. Toyota is found to follow most of the components of the cybernetic model. Rather than placing the company at the centre of the stakeholder model, the management of Toyota responds to the requirements of its environment by placing societal development at the top of its list of objectives. Whilst this study indicates that Toyota adopts a strong approach to sustainability, we cannot unequivocally claim that the cybernetic approach furnishes a better management model than the stakeholder approach. However, this paper provides a framework for illustrating the way in which a company might grow in terms of CSR and sustainable development.