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Afforestation and reforestation in the clean development mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol: implications for forests and forest people

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  • Joyotee Smith

Abstract

The social and environmental implications of plantations in the CDM are analysed under a hypothetical laissez faire approach and a proactive approach to Sustainable Development (SD), bounded by existing COP7 agreements and efficiency and equity considerations. Implications for timber rich, timber depleted and inherently timber poor regions are assessed. The social risks of industrial plantations cannot be fully addressed under COP7 rules and are likely to be highest in timber rich regions under repressive regimes or where politics dominate the forestry sector. Risks could, however, be reduced through minimum standards for stakeholder consultation and favourable legal institutions. Low cost opportunities with multiple benefits exist and require information dissemination, but some opportunities for biodiversity benefits will need financial support. Reduction of transaction costs would increase the participation of smallholder plantations but their role is likely to remain limited. Inclusion of assisted natural regeneration opens up opportunities for options with multiple benefits.

Suggested Citation

  • Joyotee Smith, 2002. "Afforestation and reforestation in the clean development mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol: implications for forests and forest people," International Journal of Global Environmental Issues, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 2(3/4), pages 322-343.
    • Handle: RePEc:ids:ijgenv:v:2:y:2002:i:3/4:p:322-343
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Regan, Courtney M. & Connor, Jeffery D. & Summers, David M. & Settre, Claire & O’Connor, Patrick J. & Cavagnaro, Timothy R., 2020. "The influence of crediting and permanence periods on Australian forest-based carbon offset supply," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C).
    2. Ameni Hasnaoui & Max Krott, 2019. "Optimizing State Forest Institutions for Forest People: A Case Study on Social Sustainability from Tunisia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-29, April.
    3. Cacho, Oscar J. & Marshall, Graham R. & Milne, Mary, 2003. "Smallholder agroforestry projects: Potential for carbon sequestration and poverty alleviation," ESA Working Papers 289093, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Agricultural Development Economics Division (ESA).
    4. Sabine Reinecke & Mareike Blum, 2018. "Discourses across Scales on Forest Landscape Restoration," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-19, February.
    5. Smith, Joyotee & Scherr, Sara J., 2003. "Capturing the Value of Forest Carbon for Local Livelihoods," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 31(12), pages 2143-2160, December.
    6. Ashish Aggarwal, 2014. "How sustainable are forestry clean development mechanism projects?—A review of the selected projects from India," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 19(1), pages 73-91, January.
    7. Farrell, Katharine N., 2014. "Intellectual mercantilism and franchise equity: A critical study of the ecological political economy of international payments for ecosystem services," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 137-146.
    8. Guo, Jinggang & Gong, Peichen, 2017. "The potential and cost of increasing forest carbon sequestration in Sweden," Journal of Forest Economics, Elsevier, vol. 29(PB), pages 78-86.

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