IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/iaf/journl/y2023i4p105-117.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Determinants Affecting the Violent Crime in Indonesia and Thailand (1990-2019)

Author

Listed:
  • Erwin Kurniawan A.

    (Mulawarman University, Samarinda, Indonesia)

  • Adi Wijaya

    (Mulawarman University, Samarinda, Indonesia)

  • Andriawan Kustiawan

    (Mulawarman University, Samarinda, Indonesia)

Abstract

Due to the global increase in crime, many countries and regions have ceased to be safe places to live. The growth of global crime figures leads to the deterioration of humankind's quality of life. This study aims to examine the causality of the total violent crime determinants in Indonesia and Thailand from 1990 to 2019. The data were collected from the Global Economy and the Nasdaq Database. The variables used in this study are the total violent crime, Gross National Income per capita (GNIpc), unemployment rate, social security expenditure, and value of alcoholic beverage consumption. All the variables were converted into a logarithmic form. Both Indonesia and Thailand's total violent crimes contain these wrongdoings: murder, rape, robbery (with firearms and without firearms), which includes gang robbery, and causing bodily injuries. This research has two models as both analyze different countries: Indonesia and Thailand. The empirical tests have proven the variables affecting the model of Indonesia and Thailand in the long run and short run based on the data from 1990-2019. In the long run, total violent crime, the unemployment rate, and alcoholic beverage consumption will affect the model of Indonesia by bringing equilibrium whenever disequilibrium happens. In the short run, the GNIpc has a unidirectional relationship with the Unemployment rate. In Thailand, alcoholic beverage consumption is the only reliant variable which will be self-perpetuated and affect the model in the long run. In the short run, alcoholic beverage consumption will be affected by the Unemployment rate and GNIpc of Thailand. In addition, instead of total violent crime being the dependent variable, it could affect Thailand's social security expenditures in the short run. This study provided a clearer view of the violent crime determinants in Indonesia and Thailand. Moreover, these empirical findings could help in policy-making to curb the worsening social violence in both countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Erwin Kurniawan A. & Adi Wijaya & Andriawan Kustiawan, 2023. "The Determinants Affecting the Violent Crime in Indonesia and Thailand (1990-2019)," Oblik i finansi, Institute of Accounting and Finance, issue 4, pages 105-117, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:iaf:journl:y:2023:i:4:p:105-117
    DOI: 10.33146/2307-9878-2023-4(102)-105-117
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.afj.org.ua/pdf/1031-ekonomichni-faktori-scho-vplivayut-na-nasilnicki-zlochini-v-indonezii-ta-tailandi-1990-2019.pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: http://www.afj.org.ua/en/article/1031/
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.33146/2307-9878-2023-4(102)-105-117?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. DeJong, David N. & Nankervis, John C. & Savin, N. E. & Whiteman, Charles H., 1992. "The power problems of unit root test in time series with autoregressive errors," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 53(1-3), pages 323-343.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ansgar Belke & Robert Czudaj, 2010. "Is Euro Area Money Demand (Still) Stable? Cointegrated VAR Versus Single Equation Techniques," Applied Economics Quarterly (formerly: Konjunkturpolitik), Duncker & Humblot, Berlin, vol. 56(4), pages 285-315.
    2. Mafusire Albert & Brixiova Zuzana, 2013. "Macroeconomic Shock Synchronization in the East African Community," Global Economy Journal, De Gruyter, vol. 13(2), pages 261-280, July.
    3. Tsutomu Watanabe & Tomoyoshi Yabu, 2023. "The demand for money at the zero interest rate bound," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 38(6), pages 968-976, September.
    4. Ana María Iregui & Jesús Otero, 2013. "A Spatiotemporal Analysis of Agricultural Prices: An Application to Colombian Data," Agribusiness, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 29(4), pages 497-508, September.
    5. Neil Kellard & Denise Osborn & Jerry Coakley & Christian Conrad & Menelaos Karanasos, 2015. "On the Transmission of Memory in Garch-in-Mean Models," Journal of Time Series Analysis, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(5), pages 706-720, September.
    6. Chen, Li & Gao, Jiti & Vahid, Farshid, 2022. "Global temperatures and greenhouse gases: A common features approach," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 230(2), pages 240-254.
    7. Paparoditis, Efstathios & Politis, Dimitris N, 2001. "Unit Root Testing via the Continuous-Path Block Bootstrap," University of California at San Diego, Economics Working Paper Series qt9qb4r775, Department of Economics, UC San Diego.
    8. Mehmet Balcilar & Zeynel Abidin Ozdemir & Esin Cakan, 2015. "Structural Breaks, Long Memory, or Unit Roots in Stock Prices: Evidence from Emerging Markets," International Econometric Review (IER), Econometric Research Association, vol. 7(1), pages 13-33, April.
    9. Mauro Costantini & Claudio Lupi, 2013. "A Simple Panel-CADF Test for Unit Roots," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 75(2), pages 276-296, April.
    10. Harold Glenn A. Valera & Mark J. Holmes & Valerien O. Pede & Jean Balié, 2023. "How convergent are rice export prices in the international market?," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 54(1), pages 127-141, January.
    11. Aurélie Lalanne & Martin Zumpe, 2020. "Time-Series Based Empirical Assessment of Random Urban Growth: New Evidence from France," Journal of Quantitative Economics, Springer;The Indian Econometric Society (TIES), vol. 18(4), pages 911-926, December.
    12. Caporale, Guglielmo Maria & Gil-Alana, Luis A., 2008. "Modelling the US, UK and Japanese unemployment rates: Fractional integration and structural breaks," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 52(11), pages 4998-5013, July.
    13. Kanas, Angelos, 2005. "Nonlinearity in the stock price-dividend relation," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 24(4), pages 583-606, June.
    14. Kim, Chang Sik & Kim, In-Moo, 2008. "Nonlinear regression for unit root models with autoregressive errors," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 100(3), pages 326-329, September.
    15. Jorge Fornero & Markus Kirchner, 2018. "Learning about Commodity Cycles and Saving-Investment Dynamics in a Commodity-Exporting Economy," International Journal of Central Banking, International Journal of Central Banking, vol. 14(2), pages 205-262, March.
    16. repec:zbw:rwirep:0171 is not listed on IDEAS
    17. Juan A. Román Aso & Jaime Vallés Giménez, 2016. "Air Emissions Performance: A Dynamic Analysis for Spain," Hacienda Pública Española / Review of Public Economics, IEF, vol. 218(3), pages 57-78, September.
    18. Masih, Rumi & Peters, Sanjay & De Mello, Lurion, 2011. "Oil price volatility and stock price fluctuations in an emerging market: Evidence from South Korea," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 33(5), pages 975-986, September.
    19. Olivier Darné & Amélie Charles, 2011. "Large shocks in U.S. macroeconomic time series: 1860-1988," Cliometrica, Journal of Historical Economics and Econometric History, Association Française de Cliométrie (AFC), vol. 5(1), pages 79-100, January.
    20. Josef Brada & Ali Kutan, 1999. "The End of Moderate Inflation in Three Transition Economies?," William Davidson Institute Working Papers Series 230, William Davidson Institute at the University of Michigan.
    21. Trofimov, Ivan D., 2018. "The secular decline in profit rates: time series analysis of a classical hypothesis," MPRA Paper 88248, University Library of Munich, Germany.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    violent crime; Gross National Income per capita; unemployment; Institutional Anomie Theory; social security expenditure;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • K42 - Law and Economics - - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior - - - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
    • O17 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements
    • E01 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - General - - - Measurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts and Wealth; Environmental Accounts
    • E24 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity
    • H55 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Social Security and Public Pensions

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:iaf:journl:y:2023:i:4:p:105-117. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Serhiy Ostapchuk (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/iafkvua.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.