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Let the Women Harvest the Mangrove. Carbon Policy, and Environmental Injustice

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  • Marie-Christine Cormier-Salem

    (Unité Patrimoines Locaux et Gouvernance (PALOC, UMR 208), Sorbonne Universités, IRD, MNHN, Département HNS, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 51, 75231 Paris, CEDEX 05, France)

Abstract

Carbon policy is a fascinating topic in geography and political ecology, because carbon is a new exchangeable good, which links the local to the international arenas through a complex set of instruments, norms, and institutions. In this paper, after explaining my theoretical and conceptual framework rooted in Africanist geography and currents of political ecology, I analyze the responses of local actors (knowledge, practices, logic, and strategies) to environmental policies and consider the effects of new mechanisms, upon local dynamics in Africa. I focus my attention on the impacts of mangrove reforestation policies on women, who harvest shellfish. My research, conducted over 35 years on coastal mangroves in Africa and Madagascar, provides me with examples. Through a long-term approach to the perception of mangroves and the changing modes of policies, I highlight the weight of imperialism and neo-liberalism and analyze types of environmental injustice against mangrove harvesters, particularly the women, who are the most directly concerned by the preservation of their heritage and are rarely recognized as stakeholders in environmental policies that are defined internationally and implemented at national and local levels. They are not informed (or are deliberately kept unware) of new devices such as REDD+. They have lost their rights of access to the reforested mangrove areas. Carbon policy requires comparative and empirical research, giving voice to local actors, especially women, about their perceptions of policies and actions. The approaches in terms of political ecology must be combined with analysis of the bio-ecological and socio-cultural dynamics of the mangrove.

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  • Marie-Christine Cormier-Salem, 2017. "Let the Women Harvest the Mangrove. Carbon Policy, and Environmental Injustice," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(8), pages 1-18, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:9:y:2017:i:8:p:1485-:d:109100
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cormier-Salem, M. C., 2006. "Mangrove: changes and conflicts in claimed ownership, uses and purposes," IWMI Books, Reports H039114, International Water Management Institute.
    2. Cormier-Salem, M. C. & Bernatets, C. & Sarr, O., 2010. "Mangrove system sustainability: public incentives and local strategies in West Africa," IWMI Books, Reports H043071, International Water Management Institute.
    3. Veronesi, Marcella & Reutemann, Tim & Zabel, Astrid & Engel, Stefanie, 2015. "Designing REDD+ schemes when forest users are not forest landowners: Evidence from a survey-based experiment in Kenya," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 46-57.
    4. Sunderlin, William D. & Larson, Anne M. & Duchelle, Amy E. & Resosudarmo, Ida Aju Pradnja & Huynh, Thu Ba & Awono, Abdon & Dokken, Therese, 2014. "How are REDD+ Proponents Addressing Tenure Problems? Evidence from Brazil, Cameroon, Tanzania, Indonesia, and Vietnam," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 37-52.
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    2. Laura Gallup & David D.A. Sonnenfeld & Farid Dahdouh-Guebas, 2019. "Mangrove use and management within the Sine-Saloum Delta, Senegal," ULB Institutional Repository 2013/296972, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    3. Ida Nadia S. Djenontin & Samson Foli & Leo C. Zulu, 2018. "Revisiting the Factors Shaping Outcomes for Forest and Landscape Restoration in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Way Forward for Policy, Practice and Research," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-34, March.

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