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Using GIS towards the Characterization and Soil Mapping of the Caia Irrigation Perimeter

Author

Listed:
  • José Rato Nunes

    (LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Superior Institute of Agronomy, Tapada da ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
    IPP—Instituto Politécnico de Portalegre, Portalegre, Praça do Municipio, 7300-110 Portalegre, Portugal
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Luís Loures

    (CIEO—Centre for Spatial and Organizational Dynamics, Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
    IPP—Instituto Politécnico de Portalegre, Portalegre, Praça do Municipio, 7300-110 Portalegre, Portugal)

  • António Lopez-Piñeiro

    (Área de Edafología y Química Agrícola (Facultad de Ciencias) and IACYS, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda de Elvas S/N, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Ana Loures

    (IPP—Instituto Politécnico de Portalegre, Portalegre, Praça do Municipio, 7300-110 Portalegre, Portugal
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Eric Vaz

    (Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

Abstract

The Caia Irrigation Perimeter is an irrigation infrastructure implemented in 1968. As is often the case, the original soil map of this region (dated from 1961) does not have the detail needed to characterize a relatively small-sized zone, where intensive agricultural practices take place. Using FAO methodology and with the main goal of establishing a larger-scale soil map, adequate for the demands of a modern and intensive agriculture, we gathered the geological characterization of the study area and information about the topography, climate, and vegetation of the region. Using ArcGIS software, we overlapped this information and established a pre-map of soil resources. Based on this pre-map, we defined a set of detailed itineraries in the field, evenly distributed, in which soil samples were collected. In those distinct soil units, we opened several soil profiles, from which we selected 26 to analyze in the present study, since they characterized the existing diversity in terms of soil type and soil properties. Based on the work of verification, correction, and reinterpretation of the preliminary soil map, we reached a final soil map for the Caia Irrigation Perimeter, which is characterized by enormous heterogeneity, typical of Mediterranean soils, containing 23 distinct cartographic units, the most representative being the Distric Fluvisols with inclusions of Luvisols Distric occupying 29.9% of the total study area, and Calcisols Luvic with inclusions of Luvisols endoleptic with 11.9% of the total area. Considering the obtained information on soil properties; ArcGIS was used to develop a map in which it was possible to ascertain the impact of the continuous practice of irrigation in this area. This allows us to put forward relevant conclusions on the need to access and monitor specific Mediterranean soils in order to mitigate the environmental impact of irrigation practices.

Suggested Citation

  • José Rato Nunes & Luís Loures & António Lopez-Piñeiro & Ana Loures & Eric Vaz, 2016. "Using GIS towards the Characterization and Soil Mapping of the Caia Irrigation Perimeter," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(4), pages 1-15, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:8:y:2016:i:4:p:368-:d:68290
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. José Rato Nunes & José Ramos-Miras & António Lopez-Piñeiro & Luís Loures & Carlos Gil & José Coelho & Ana Loures, 2014. "Concentrations of Available Heavy Metals in Mediterranean Agricultural Soils and their Relation with Some Soil Selected Properties: A Case Study in Typical Mediterranean Soils," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 6(12), pages 1-15, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Jamal Jokar Arsanjani & Eric Vaz, 2017. "Special Issue Editorial: Earth Observation and Geoinformation Technologies for Sustainable Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(5), pages 1-5, May.
    2. Luís Loures & Alejandro Chamizo & Paulo Ferreira & Ana Loures & Rui Castanho & Thomas Panagopoulos, 2020. "Assessing the Effectiveness of Precision Agriculture Management Systems in Mediterranean Small Farms," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-15, May.
    3. Luís Loures & José Gama & José Rato Nunes & António Lopez-Piñeiro, 2017. "Assessing the Sodium Exchange Capacity in Rainfed and Irrigated Soils in the Mediterranean Basin Using GIS," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(3), pages 1-12, March.

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